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Report on experimental work in areas related to understanding and improving thermal recovery of heavy oil. The work was divided into 9 tasks, presented in 5 volumes. Task 1 involved an extensive review of relevant literature including oil viscosity variability, thermal alteration of oil, the relationship of oil viscosity to asphaltene content, team distillation, and applications of instrumental thermal analysis techniques. Task 2 involved a study of the natural variability of oil within a single heavy oil reservoir. Tasks 3 and 4 investigated the thermal alteration of 2 Lloydminster heavy oils, with oil samples heated in a sealed reactor for various times and temperatures, and changes in oil properties and composition determined. Task 5 investigated the relationship between asphaltene content and oil viscosity, with the asphaltene content varied by mixing together different amounts of asphaltenes and maltenes, using a specialized procedure. Task 6 explored the potential impact of thermal alteration of oil on flow behaviour. Task 7 explored the contribution of steam distillation to thermal oil recovery using a series of linear corefloods. Task 8 evaluated applications of instrumental thermal analysis methods using thermogravimetric curves collected for oil samples under a variety of conditions. Task 9 gave a review of the numerical simulators developed over the past 20 years to help understand and predict the performance of thermal recovery processes.
This book aims at presenting, describing, and summarizing the latest advances in polymer flooding regarding the chemical synthesis of the EOR agents and the numerical simulation of compositional models in porous media, including a description of the possible applications of nanotechnology acting as a booster of traditional chemical EOR processes. A large part of the world economy depends nowadays on non-renewable energy sources, most of them of fossil origin. Though the search for and the development of newer, greener, and more sustainable sources have been going on for the last decades, humanity is still fossil-fuel dependent. Primary and secondary oil recovery techniques merely produce up to a half of the Original Oil In Place. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are aimed at further increasing this value. Among these, chemical EOR techniques (including polymer flooding) present a great potential in low- and medium-viscosity oilfields. • Describes recent advances in chemical enhanced oil recovery. • Contains detailed description of polymer flooding and nanotechnology as promising boosting tools for EOR. • Includes both experimental and theoretical studies. About the Authors Patrizio Raffa is Assistant Professor at the University of Groningen. He focuses on design and synthesis of new polymeric materials optimized for industrial applications such as EOR, coatings and smart materials. He (co)authored about 40 articles in peer reviewed journals. Pablo Druetta works as lecturer at the University of Groningen (RUG) and as engineering consultant. He received his Ph.D. from RUG in 2018 and has been teaching at a graduate level for 15 years. His research focus lies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD).