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Creating the Opium War examines British imperial attitudes towards China during their early encounters from the Macartney embassy to the outbreak of the Opium War – a deeply consequential event which arguably reshaped relations between China and the West in the next century. It makes the first attempt to bring together the political history of Sino-western relations and the cultural studies of British representations of China, as a new way of explaining the origins of the conflict. The book focuses on a crucial period (1792–1840), which scholars such as Kitson and Markley have recently compared in importance to that of American and French Revolutions. By examining a wealth of primary materials, some in more detail than ever before, this study reveals how the idea of war against China was created out of changing British perceptions of the country.
Upending all we know about the war on drugs, a history of the anti-narcotics movement’s origins, evolution, and questionable effectiveness. Opium’s Orphans is the first full history of drug prohibition and the “war on drugs.” A no-holds-barred but balanced account, it shows that drug suppression was born of historical accident, not rational design. The war on drugs did not originate in Europe or the United States, and even less with President Nixon, but in China. Two Opium Wars followed by Western attempts to atone for them gave birth to an anti-narcotics order that has come to span the globe. But has the war on drugs succeeded? As opioid deaths and cartel violence run rampant, contestation becomes more vocal, and marijuana is slated for legalization, Opium's Orphans proposes that it is time to go back to the drawing board.
Soon to be banned in Beijing, this work suggests that Lin Zexu, often called the first modern Chinese nationalist, popular icon for present-day prohibitionists, who legend says caused the first Opium War (1839-1842) by destroying some 20,000 chests of British opium, may deserve a second look from historians. His method of using lime and salt to "destroy" the opium simply shares too many parallels with European methods for extracting morphine from opium. Morphine salts were sold in both China and Europe in the 19th century as substitutes for opium or as opium "cures". Could the mandarin Lin Zexu have stolen from the British, conned the Americans, hastened the downfall of the parasitical Manchu dynasty, and manufactured a simple morphine salt? -- Graffii Milante, Valpaaiso, Chile --from book cover.