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House Committee on Naval Affairs, Sixty-Eighth Congress, first session Committee Serial No. No. 81.
Winner, Engineer-Historian Award from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Navies have always been technologically sophisticated, from the ancient world's trireme galleys and the Age of Sail's ships-of-the-line to the dreadnoughts of World War I and today's nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and submarines. Yet each large technical innovation has met with resistance and even hostility from those officers who, adhering to a familiar warrior ethos, have grown used to a certain style of fighting. In Technological Change and the United States Navy, William M. McBride examines how the navy dealt with technological change—from the end of the Civil War through the "age of the battleship"—as technology became more complex and the nation assumed a global role. Although steam engines generally made their mark in the maritime world by 1865, for example, and proved useful to the Union riverine navy during the Civil War, a backlash within the service later developed against both steam engines and the engineers who ran them. Early in the twentieth century the large dreadnought battleship at first met similar resistance from some officers, including the famous Alfred Thayer Mahan, and their industrial and political allies. During the first half of the twentieth century the battleship exercised a dominant influence on those who developed the nation's strategies and operational plans—at the same time that advances in submarines and fixed-wing aircraft complicated the picture and undermined the battleship's superiority. In any given period, argues McBride, some technologies initially threaten the navy's image of itself. Professional jealousies and insecurities, ignorance, and hidebound traditions arguably influenced the officer corps on matters of technology as much as concerns about national security, and McBride contends that this dynamic persists today. McBride also demonstrates the interplay between technological innovation and other influences on naval adaptability—international commitments, strategic concepts, government-industrial relations, and the constant influence of domestic politics. Challenging technological determinism, he uncovers the conflicting attitudes toward technology that guided naval policy between the end of the Civil War and the dawning of the nuclear age. The evolution and persistence of the "battleship navy," he argues, offer direct insight into the dominance of the aircraft-carrier paradigm after 1945 and into the twenty-first century.
"More than any other individual, Rear Adm. William A. Moffett (1869-1933) shaped naval aviation during its critical formative years in the twenties and early thirties. In this first full biography, William F. Trimble shows that Moffett's remarkably sophisticated understanding of what later would be called the military-industrial complex laid the groundwork for the force that fought and won World War II in the Pacific." "There was little, Trimble contends, in Moffett's early career that pointed to the pivotal role he would play in naval aviation. Born in Charleston, South Carolina, the Annapolis graduate won the Medal of Honor as captain of the cruiser Chester during the 1914 landing at Veracruz. During World War I, as commanding officer of the Great Lakes Naval Training Station near Chicago, he joined with the local business elite to launch an aviation training program. Later, commanding the battleship Mississippi, he supported the formation of a ship plane unit and befriended aviation pioneer Henry Mustin, a strong advocate of fleet aviation." "Trimble shows that Moffett's real influence began with his work to establish the Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics in 1921. Serving as the bureau's chief until his death, Moffett integrated the use of airplanes and airships with fleet operations, managed the introduction of new technology - most notably the aircraft carrier - and rationalized procurement and personnel. Although the Navy was traditionally "the silent service," Moffett used public relations opportunities to promote naval aviation and to defeat the military, political, and bureaucratic opponents of his agenda. Trimble describes the admiral's highly publicized confrontation with Brig. Gen. William ("Billy") Mitchell, who agitated for a unified air force at the expense of a separate naval air arm." "Recognizing Moffett's gifted stewardship of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Trimble also recounts several of his obvious failures. Among them was his avid support for the large rigid airship as a solution to naval reconnaissance problems. Moffett lost his life in 1933, when he went down with the airship Akron off the coast of New Jersey."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Billy Mitchell was one of the most significant figures in Air Force history, blazing a path for future Airmen. This book describes the major events and people in Mitchell¿s life. Mitchell argued for the need for an independent Air Force, but went too far by declaring that airpower would render the other services obsolete. He encountered much opposition, especially from the Navy, and was court-martialed when he began accusing various officials of treason. Mitchell died before an independent Air Force was established. Photos.
Traces the usage of- and meaning given to- the terms "roles and missions" relating to the armed forces and particularly to the United States Air Force, from 1907 to the present.
"To win in the Pacific during World War II, the U.S. Navy had to transform itself technically, tactically, and strategically. It had to create a fleet capable of the unprecedented feat of fighting and winning far from home, without existing bases, in the face of an enemy with numerous bases fighting in his own waters. Much of the credit for the transformation should go to the war gaming conducted at the U.S. Naval War College. Conversely, as we face further demands for transformation, the inter-war experience at the War College offers valuable guidance as to what works, and why, and how."