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The purpose of this report is to look at the state-of-the-art of non-traditional traffic counting methods. This is done through a three-fold approach that includes an assessment of currently available technology, a survey of State Department of Transportation practices, and a review of the literature. Traditional traffic counting has utilized intrusive devices including bending plate, pneumatic road tube, inductive loops, and piezo-electric sensors. As safety, cost, increased traffic flow, complex road geometrics, and traffic disruption have become issues of concern, traffic counting professionals are looking more closely at alternatives to traditional methods of data collection. Such non-traditional traffic counting devices as video image detection, Doppler microwave, passive magnetic, passive acoustic, active and passive infrared, and active and passive ultrasonic are being considered due to their non-intrusive nature. Information on available technology including cost, installation requirements, technical specifications, data retrieval, and limitations of the products are addressed. This information is followed by a summary of State practices that shows very limited usage of non-intrusive technology. Lastly, a review of the literature indicates there is little in the way of "new" technology. However, several evaluations of non-intrusive devices provide valuable information to traffic counting professionals that will assist in decision-making regarding upgrades to current practices
This monograph presents a simple, innovative approach for the measurement and short-term prediction of highway travel times based on the fusion of inductive loop detector and toll ticket data. The methodology is generic and not technologically captive, allowing it to be easily generalized for other equivalent types of data. The book shows how Bayesian analysis can be used to obtain fused estimates that are more reliable than the original inputs, overcoming some of the drawbacks of travel-time estimations based on unique data sources. The developed methodology adds value and obtains the maximum (in terms of travel time estimation) from the available data, without recurrent and costly requirements for additional data. The application of the algorithms to empirical testing in the AP-7 toll highway in Barcelona proves that it is possible to develop an accurate real-time, travel-time information system on closed-toll highways with the existing surveillance equipment, suggesting that highway operators might provide their customers with such an added value with little additional investment in technology.
Introduction -- Types of equipment -- Technology descriptions -- A process for selecting equipment -- Best practices for equipment use -- Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications.
"Conventional methods used in the planning and management of human-landscape interactions fall far short of the needs of today s land management professionals. Monitoring, Simulation, and Management of Visitor Landscapes presents a growing body of applied research that provides decision makers with tools to maintain the ecological integrity of public places by evaluating the impacts of humans in various landscapes across space and time." "This will help land managers and policy makers construct strategies for evaluating interactions between humans and the environment and expand the model of land management to include social and geographic, as well as environmental, factors."--Jacket.
Recent technological advancements and other related factors and trends are contributing to the production of an astoundingly large and rapidly accelerating collection of data, or ‘Big Data’. This data now allows us to examine urban and regional phenomena in ways that were previously not possible. Despite the tremendous potential of big data for regional science, its use and application in this context is fraught with issues and challenges. This book brings together leading contributors to present an interdisciplinary, agenda-setting and action-oriented platform for research and practice in the urban and regional community. This book provides a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and cutting-edge perspective on big data for regional science. Chapters contain a collection of research notes contributed by experts from all over the world with a wide array of disciplinary backgrounds. The content is organized along four themes: sources of big data; integration, processing and management of big data; analytics for big data; and, higher level policy and programmatic considerations. As well as concisely and comprehensively synthesising work done to date, the book also considers future challenges and prospects for the use of big data in regional science. Big Data for Regional Science provides a seminal contribution to the field of regional science and will appeal to a broad audience, including those at all levels of academia, industry, and government.
This book aims at showing how big data sources and data analytics can play an important role in sustainable mobility. It is especially intended to provide academicians, researchers, practitioners and decision makers with a snapshot of methods that can be effectively used to improve urban mobility. The different chapters, which report on contributions presented at the 4th Conference on Sustainable Urban Mobility, held on May 24-25, 2018, in Skiathos Island, Greece, cover different thematic areas, such as social networks and traveler behavior, applications of big data technologies in transportation and analytics, transport infrastructure and traffic management, transportation modeling, vehicle emissions and environmental impacts, public transport and demand responsive systems, intermodal interchanges, smart city logistics systems, data security and associated legal aspects. They show in particular how to apply big data in improving urban mobility, discuss important challenges in developing and implementing analytics methods and provide the reader with an up-to-date review of the most representative research on data management techniques for enabling sustainable urban mobility
Laser scanning technology plays an important role in the science and engineering arena. The aim of the scanning is usually to create a digital version of the object surface. Multiple scanning is sometimes performed via multiple cameras to obtain all slides of the scene under study. Usually, optical tests are used to elucidate the power of laser scanning technology in the modern industry and in the research laboratories. This book describes the recent contributions reported by laser scanning technology in different areas around the world. The main topics of laser scanning described in this volume include full body scanning, traffic management, 3D survey process, bridge monitoring, tracking of scanning, human sensing, three-dimensional modelling, glacier monitoring and digitizing heritage monuments.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the First International Conference on Smart Cities, Smart-CT 2016, held in Malaga, Spain, in June 2016. The 16 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 28 submissions. They topics covered include studies and tools to improve road traffic, energy consumption, logistics, frameworks to provide new services and take decisions in a holistic way, driving assistance, electric vehicles, public transport, and surveys on smart city concepts.