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A revised small scale gap test (SSGT) has been developed. It employs a 1.4-inch long, 0.2-inch diameter RDX column loaded in a brass cylinder as a donor. The acceptor is of similar configuration. The sensitivity of the explosive loaded in the acceptor is determined by the test as a function of the thickness of the lucite barrier which is used to moderate the donor output. The mean firing sensitivity, for instance, is determined from the thickness of lucite at which 50% response would be expected. By revision of methods and design, and by careful control of the loading and the testing conditions, the resolution of the revised SSGT has been improved by a factor of 4 to 5 over that of the original SSGT.
The report describes a small scale gap test (SSGT) used at MRL for the assessment of shock sensitivity of high explosives. Details of the test assembly, procedure and analysis of results, along with results for a range of explosives and explosive compositions are presented. A specially designed explosive firing cell is also described. The MRL SSGT has proved to be a simple, convenient and relatively cheap method for the assessment of shock sensitivity. Results are reproducible and provide a good indication of relative shock sensitivity.
This report describes a method whereby the sensitivity of explosives to initiation by other explosives may be evaluated when only a small sample of the explosive is available. Cylindrical brass containers 1" in diameter and l/4" long8 with 0.100" diamieter centrally drilled holes were used to contain the explosive to be tested. The use of such small columns makes it possible to obtain statistically valuable data from small amounts of explosive. The depth of a dent in a steel block placed at the back of the explosive column was used as a criterion to determine whether the shot was a fire or misfire. The order of decreasing sensitivity of the five explosives tested was found to be RDX, tetryl, Comp B, TNT and Comp A. This is in agreement with results of stmilar larger scale experiments.
The increased use of very shock insensitive high explosives has produced a need for larger test systems than are normally used for determining gap sensitivities. Relatively little work has been done using acceptor diameters that are larger than 40 or 50 mm. The acceptor diameters in the usual tests are not large enough to give reliable results for the explosives that have large detonation-failure diameters. It follows, then, that the acceptor diameter of the gap test should be substantially larger than the equivalent failure diameter of the acceptor material. If it is otherwise, the gap-test results could be misleading. The objective of this work is to study a new gap test, designed for relatively shock insensitive explosives, by relating its test results to those of a current standardized test. In particular, we wish to establish the relationship between card gap sensitivities in two sizes, the standard NOL (NSWC) Large Scale Gap Test (LSGT) and the new test, the Expanded Large Scale Gap Test (ELSGT).
An analysis was performed of Small Gap Test (SSGT) sensitivity data using nonreactive shock Hugoniots, and a recently developed concept which relates sensitivity to porosity. The basic idea of the concept is that detonation is achieved, regardless of porosity, when a critical thermal energy is induced into the explosive by shock. This analysis supports the validity of this notion, both for TATB-like explosives, for which it was conceived, and for other explosive materials as well.
This book summarizes science and technology of a new generation of high-energy andinsensitive explosives. The objective is to provide professionals with comprehensiveinformation on the synthesis and the physicochemical and detonation properties ofthe explosives. Potential technologies applicable for treatment of contaminated wastestreams from manufacturing facilities and environmental matrices are also be included.This book provides the reader an insight into the depth and breadth of theoreticaland empirical models and experimental techniques currently being developed in thefield of energetic materials. It presents the latest research by DoD engineers andscientists, and some of DoD’s academic and industrial researcher partners. The topicsexplored and the simulations developed or modified for the purposes of energetics mayfind application in other closely related fields, such as the pharmaceutical industry.One of the key features of the book is the treatment of wastewaters generated duringmanufacturing of these energetic materials.