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This specification covers asphalt binders graded by performance using the multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, minimum pavement design temperature, and traffic loading.
The Superpave specifications and equipment, introduced in 1993, represented a major advancement with respect to offering a better understanding of the behavior and characteristics of asphalt binders based on their rheological properties. However, the Superpave high-temperature test protocol has been shown to be inadequate for characterizing the high-temperature behavior (rutting resistance) of asphalt binders, particularly polymer modified ones. Recently, a specification based on the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) test has been proposed to address the shortcomings of the Superpave high-temperature binder specifications. This study aims to investigate the merits of implementing the MSCR test and specification as a replacement for the conventional high-temperature testing in the Performance Graded (PG) system. A statistical analysis was conducted on a dataset from Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to see how MSCR and PG procedures differ in grading different binders used in the state. In addition, an experimental study was conducted using seventeen different modified and unmodified binders. In addition to binder tests, seven of the binders were selected to conduct asphalt mixture tests such as dynamic modulus and flow number. The results confirm that the MSCR test is a suitable replacement for the current PG high temperature test since it provides a better tool to rank modified asphalt binders as well as unmodified ones. That is, creep compliance from the MSCR test more fundamentally represents binder behavior at high temperatures compared to the PG rutting parameter. In addition, the very simplified approach, known as grade-bumping, used in the current PG system to account for high traffic levels and low speed limits can be eliminated when using the MSCR test. The MSCR test also provides a better coefficient of correlation (at both stress levels) with flow number test results than the PG rutting parameter, again indicating that it more accurately reflects binder performance at high temperatures.
Use of polymer-modified binder has become much more important in recent years to enhance the durability and strength of asphalt concrete (AC) pavements in order to sustain higher traffic volumes, heavier loads, and extreme weather conditions. Unlike neat (unmodified) asphalt binders, polymer-modified binders are sensitive to the applied stress levels and show a nonlinear response in rutting factor and phase angle. The widely used dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test (AASHTO T315) is not sufficient to capture viscoelastic properties of polymer modified-asphalt binders. Thus, state transportation agencies often need to conduct additional expensive and time consuming "PG Plus" tests (e.g., elastic recovery (ER), force ductility, toughness, and tenacity) for characterizing polymer-modified binders. Multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), a recently introduced test method (AASHTO TP 70) for measuring high temperature properties of an asphalt binder, is expected to replace the existing AASHTO T315 for short-term aged binder. In the current study, MSCR and Superpave tests were conducted on three commonly used performance grade (PG) binders (PG 64-22, PG 70-28, and PG 76-28) from 12 different sources throughout Oklahoma. Based on expected traffic loads and service temperatures, the tested binder samples were graded in accordance with the MSCR grading system. The non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr) and MSCR % recovery values obtained from the MSCR tests were then analyzed using the polymer curve and quadrant methods to assess the feasibility of the adoption of the MSCR test method for conditions prevailing in Oklahoma. Findings of this study reveal that the MSCR test method can be used to characterize polymer-modified binders without penalizing suppliers or risking the users.
This report addresses a shortcoming of the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) test method and specification system for virgin PG 58-XX and blends of PG 58-XX with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binders. The MSCR specification system limits the non-recoverable compliance, Jnr, to less than 4.5 kPa-1 for standard S-graded binders and disregards binders that do not satisfy this criterion. Also, the MSCR specification does not consider virgin binder grade adjustments when RAP is used. These binders, which are often blended with high percentages of RAP, have positively resulted in mostly a 64 °C high-temperature grade according to LTPPBind, with 98% reliability against rutting in Kansas. This research blended PG 58-28 and PG 58-34 virgin binders with four RAP binders and conducted MSCR tests to investigate this issue. Results showed that the high-temperature grade of PG 58-XX binders increased to 64 °C when they were mixed with RAP binder percentages of 15% or more. Furthermore, MSCR test results showed that the addition of RAP binder decreased the Jnr value to the S criteria when the requirement of Jnr difference percentage was omitted. Results also showed that the RAP binder can be screened using the rotational viscosity test to ensure the blends of PG 58-XX and RAP binders result in high-temperature grade adjustments and satisfy the S grade. A comprehensive set of PG 58-XX, PG 64S-XX, and multiple RAP binders used in Kansas should be tested to develop sound specification criteria based on PG and MSCR grading specifications.
This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of pavement technology, presented at the 12th International Conference in Road and Airfield Pavement Technology (ICPT), hosted by the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, and held on July 14-16, 2021. It covers topics such as pavement design, evaluation and construction, pavement materials characterization, sustainability in pavement engineering, pavement maintenance and rehabilitation techniques, pavement management systems and financing, transportation safety, law and enforcement related to pavement engineering, pavement drainage and erosion control, GIS applications, quarry material assessment, pavement instrumentation, IT and AI applications in pavement. Featuring peer-reviewed contributions by leading international researchers and engineers, the book is a timely and highly relevant resource for materials scientists and engineers interested in pavement engineering.
The Asphalt Binder Handbook is a comprehensive manual that is devoted entirely to information about asphalt binders or bitumen. It is a compilation of the information in many other Asphalt Institute publications along with unpublished information on topics such as the Multiple-Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR)test, testing variability and resolution and the generation of mastercurves.