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The use of sports-based activity programmes as a means of tackling crime has been explored in a number of countries worldwide, particularly in relation to the prevention of re-offending in the ten to eighteen age bracket. However, until now there has been no definitive and rigorous analysis of the rationale behind these programmes, and evidence of their successes and failures has been piecemeal, uncritical and without standardization. This book addresses this gap in the literature, bringing together empirical research from programmes in the UK, US and Australia with an explanation and evaluation of the results of these initiatives. Subjects covered include: assessment of programmes in a range of contexts the first evidence base of crime reduction sport programmes international comparisons and case studies conclusions for best practice advice for monitoring the effectiveness of programmes synergies with sport development and promotion of facility use. Examining a variety of realworld case studies set up with the aim of reducing levels of crime in the community, Sport and Crime Reduction should be read by students and professionals in local government, sports development, youth and community work, criminology, the youth justice system and leisure policy.
Traditional separation of powers theories assumed that governmental despotism will be prevented by dividing the branches of government which will check one another. Modern governments function with unexpected complicity among these branches. Sometimes one of the branches becomes overwhelming. Other governmental structures, however, tend to mitigate these tendencies to domination. Among other structures courts have achieved considerable autonomy vis-à-vis the traditional political branches of power. They tend to maintain considerable distance from political parties in the name of professionalism and expertise. The conditions and criteria of independence are not clear, and even less clear are the conditions of institutional integrity. Independence (including depolitization) of public institutions is of particular practical relevance in the post-Communist countries where political partisanship penetrated institutions under the single party system. Institutional integrity, particularly in the context of administration of justice, became a precondition for accession to the European Union. Given this practical challenge the present volume is centered around three key areas of institutional integrity, primarily within the administration of justice: First, in a broader theoretical-interdisciplinary context the criteria of institutional independence are discussed. The second major issue is the relation of neutralized institutions to branches of government with reference to accountability. Thirdly, comparative experience regarding judicial independence is discussed to determine techniques to enhance integrity.
Sport-based intervention programs designed to divert poor minority youth from gangs and crime got their start with the Midnight Basketball initiatives of the late 1980s. Hartmann explains the mystery of why a basketball- based program became popular as a solution to problems of crime and poverty in dozens of American cities. In part, then, this book is a history, but also a cultural analysis to explain the prominence of these programs at first (and then so controversial later on), and how they were expanded upon in the years that followed. In fact, it was in Chicagohome of Michael Jordan and the Bullsthat Midnight Basketball first achieved prominence. Under the direction of former Congressman Jack Kemp and the Chicago Housing Authority, two leagues were organized, in Rockwell Gardens and the Henry Horner Homes. To understand why the program caught on, Hartmann explores the policy transformations of the period (such as the new penology and neoliberal paternalism), and, at length, he gets into the cultural tensions and institutional realities that shaped this program and the entire field of sport-based social policy. In the end, Midnight Basketball, Race, and Neoliberal Social Policy provides a one-of-a-kind view of the culture of sport and race in America, and neoliberal policy broadly conceived."
Provides an integrated and holistic review of effective crime prevention programs, practices and policies, their theoretical grounding, the scientific evidence of their effectiveness, and the practical issues involved in their implementation at the community, state and national levels. The Prevention of Crime offers a comprehensive yet easy-to-understand overview of crime prevention strategies, such as programs and practices guided by life-course developmental theories of crime, situational crime prevention, law enforcement practices and policies, and correctional interventions. Containing the most up-to-date and accurate information about “what works” in crime prevention, this unique textbook introduces students to the public health and prevention science approaches to addressing the causes of crime, with a focus on prevention-oriented, community-based interventions. Throughout the text, the authors emphasize the importance of using high-quality scientific methodologies to identify effective and ineffective interventions that are based on theory, provide expert insights on practical issues relating to crime prevention in communities, and discuss how practitioners can effectively implement a range of crime prevention strategies. Incorporating recent advances and emerging research in the field, the second edition of The Prevention of Crime contains new and updated coverage of developments in criminological theory and evaluation methods, efforts to avoid and correct discriminatory crime prevention practices, understand how and why communities make adaptations to evidence-based interventions (EBI), strategies to investigate and communicate the impact of EBIs on different populations (including members of racial/ethnic minority groups), and more. This edition includes new links to relevant research and internet resources, additional real-world examples, updated crime statistics, and information on recent changes in EBI registries that list crime prevention interventions. Describes effective interventions that have been developed, tested, and used in the United States and internationally Demonstrates the relationship between criminological theories, research, and practice Discusses the practical challenges of implementing crime prevention strategies and policies Corrects misconceptions about widely-used prevention models shown to be ineffective in reducing crime Draws from cutting-edge conceptual frameworks and the latest research in prevention science and crime prevention Written to be accessible to students without formal training in research methods, The Prevention of Crime, Second Edition, is an excellent textbook for undergraduate and graduate programs in criminology, criminal justice, and prevention science programs, as well as courses on psychology, public health, sociology, and social work.
Crime prevention policy and practice is, on the whole, far from objective. Instead of being based on scientific evidence, the crime policy agenda is seemingly driven by political ideology, anecdotal evidence and programme trends. Evidence-Based Crime Prevention seeks to change this by comprehensively and rigorously assessing the existing scientific knowledge on the effectiveness of crime prevention programmes internationally. Reviewing more than 600 scientific evaluations of programmes intended to prevent crime in settings such as families, schools, labour markets and communities, this book grades programmes on their scientific validity using the 'scientific methods scale'. This collection, which brings together contributions from leading researchers in the field of crime prevention, will provide policy-makers, researchers and community leaders with an understandable source of information about what works, what does not work and what is promising in preventing crime.
Sport-based crime prevention programmes are becoming increasingly popular worldwide but until now there has been very little research on the effectiveness of such approaches. Bringing together authoritative evidence from existing programmes, the authors identify and analyse emerging successful practices. Covering mentoring and coaching, particularly as they relate to Positive Youth Development (PYD) programmes, the authors explore how the development of core life skills can improve individual resilience and decrease the risk of criminal involvement. The book conceptualizes the links between criminological theory and PYD and gives recommendations for future policy and practice.
Crime prevention is not the primary objective of sport and physical activity, but it may be a positive by-product. This paper examines a variety of sporting activities that appear to have had a beneficial effect in helping young people steer away from trouble. It examines wilderness programs, programs in which youth participate and learn skills, and programs in which the sense of belonging reduces vandalism and develops other prosocial behaviours.
From doping among professional athletes to crime prevention through sports, the discussion of crime in sports seems to be on the rise. This is the first book to provide a critical criminological perspective on sports and the myriad connections between sports and crime. Part of the New Horizons in Criminology series, it utilizes the interdisciplinary nature of criminology to incorporate emerging perspectives from diverse fields like the study of social harm, gender and sexuality studies, and green criminology. Written from an international perspective, Sports Criminology covers both a range of topics, from sports scandals to the possibility of crime prevention, and a range of sports disciplines. American football, boxing, soccer, and sumo are all examined, making this book an essential read for scholars of sports law and the sociology of sports alike.
In Crime Prevention: Programs, Policies, and Practices, criminologists Steven E. Barkan and Michael Rocque present a well-rounded exploration of evidence-based policies, programs, and practices. Grounded in criminological theory and emphasizing the social, psychological, and biological roots of crime, this text presents current research, perspectives, and examples that capture the key crime prevention concepts students should understand, including the public health model for crime prevention. Highlighting the importance of applying theory to real-world solutions, the authors′ discussion of crime prevention strategies integrates theory and practice throughout the text.
Crime Prevention: Approaches, Practices, and Evaluations, 9th Edition, meets the needs of students and instructors for engaging, evidence-based, impartial coverage of the origins of crime, as well as of public policy that can reduce or prevent deviance. The book examines a range of approaches to preventing crime and elucidates their respective goals. Strategies include primary prevention measures designed to prevent conditions that foster deviance; secondary prevention measures directed toward persons or conditions with a high potential for deviance; and tertiary prevention measures to deal with persons who have already committed crimes. This edition provides research and information on all aspects of crime prevention, including the physical environment and crime, neighborhood crime prevention programs, community policing, crime in schools, and electronic monitoring and home confinement. Lab offers a thorough and well-rounded discussion of the many sides of the crime prevention debate, in clear and accessible language.