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This book brings together many different relaxation phenomena in liquids under a common umbrella and provides a unified view of apparently diverse phenomena. It aligns recent experimental results obtained with modern techniques with recent theoretical developments. Such close interaction between experiment and theory in this area goes back to the works of Einstein, Smoluchowski, Kramers' and de Gennes. Development of ultrafast laser spectroscopy recently allowed study of various relaxation processes directly in the time domain, with time scales going down to picosecond (ps) and femtosecond (fs) time scales. This was a remarkable advance because many of the fundamental chemical processes occur precisely in this range and was inaccessible before the 1980s. Since then, an enormous wealth of information has been generated by many groups around the world, who have discovered many interesting phenomena that has fueled further growth in this field. As emphasized throughout the book, the seemingly different phenomena studied in this area are often closely related at a fundamental level. Biman Bagchi explains why relatively small although fairly sophisticated theoretical tools have been successful in explaining a wealth of experimental data at a semi-phenomenological level.
This is the first book on the subject written by a group of internationally renowned experts, whose contributions have been brought together in a unified manner. The book deals with various aspects of molecular motions and molecular interactions in dense fluids in so far as they affect spectral phenomena. Emphasis is placed on the experimental deduction of this information. Leading experts address the use of infrared and Raman vibrational spectroscopy, far infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, light scattering, neutron scattering, molecular dynamics, collision induced spectra and molecular modelling in this context. A large number of examples are given, which are well supported by figures to clarify the methods and to demonstrate the degree of success (or failure) of various techniques. The bibliography is extensive, symbols are unified throughout, and keyword and compound indices are included. The book should be of interest to those entering this multidisciplinary field, and also to active researchers seeking a primer covering the breadth of the subject.
This Encyclopedia begins with an introduction summarizing itsscope and content. Glassmaking; Structure of Glass, GlassPhysics,Transport Properties, Chemistry of Glass, Glass and Light,Inorganic Glass Families, Organic Glasses, Glass and theEnvironment, Historical and Economical Aspect of Glassmaking,History of Glass, Glass and Art, and outlinepossible newdevelopments and uses as presented by the best known people in thefield (C.A. Angell, for example). Sections and chapters arearranged in a logical order to ensure overall consistency and avoiduseless repetitions. All sections are introduced by a briefintroduction and attractive illustration. Newly investigatedtopics will be addresses, with the goal of ensuring that thisEncyclopedia remains a reference work for years to come.
This book has its or1g1n in a NATO Summer School organized from June 25 to July 7 1979, in Menton, France. The purpose of this School was a comparative study of the various aspects of vibra tional spectroscopy in molecular liquids and solids. This field has been rapidly expanding in the last decade; unfortunately, its development took place independently for liquids and for solids. In these circumstances, the comparison of the basic concepts and techniques used in these two branches of physics appeared as a necessity. The lectures given at the Menton Advanced Study Institute, as well as the exceptionally fruitful and lively discussions which followed them confirmed this point of view. The need of putting together these lectures, in the form of a monograph, clearly appeared during the ASI and the lecturers accepted to write down the material they presented at the Institute, improved thanks to the remarks of the participants. It is the result of this collective work which appears in the familiar Plenum Series.
This textbook offers an introduction to the foundations of spectroscopic methods and provides a bridge between basic concepts and experimental applications in fields as diverse as materials science, biology, solar energy conversion, and environmental science. The author emphasizes the use of time-dependent theory to link the spectral response in the frequency domain to the behavior of molecules in the time domain, strengthened by two brand new chapters on nonlinear optical spectroscopy and time-resolved spectroscopy. Theoretical underpinnings are presented to the extent necessary for readers to understand how to apply spectroscopic tools to their own interests.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Luso, Portugal, September 22-October 3, 1991
In its combination of an advanced teaching standpoint with an emphasis on new perspectives and recent advances in the study of liquids formed by simple molecules, Molecular Liquids: New Perspectives in Physics and Chemistry provides a clear, understandable guide through the complexities of the subject. A wide range of topics is covered in the areas of intermolecular forces, statistical mechanics, the microscopic dynamics of simple liquids, thermodynamics of solutions, nonequilibrium molecular dynamics, molecular models for transport and relaxation in fluids, liquid simulations, statistical band shape theories, conformational studies, fast-exchange dynamics, and hydrogen bonding. The experimental techniques covered include: neutron scattering, X-ray diffraction, IR, Raman, NMR, quasielastic neutron scattering, and high-precision, time-resolved coherent Raman spectroscopy.
This ASI was planned to make a major contribution to the teaching of the principles and methods used in liquid phase ~esearch and to encourage the setting up of collaborative projects, as advocated by the European Molecular Liquids Group (secretary: Dr J. Yarwood, University of Durham, U. K. ). During the past five years considerable progress has been made in studying molecular liquids. The undoubted advantages of international collaboration led to the formation of the European Molecular Liquids Group (EMLG) in July 1981. The activities of the EMLG were widely disseminated in a special session of the European Congress on Molecular Spectroscopy (EUCMOS) held in September 1981 (for details, see J. Mol. Structure, 80 (1982) 375 - 421). Following the success of this meeting, it was thought that the aims and objectives of the E~G would be best served by the organisation of a broader-based gathering designed to attract those interested in the study of the structure, dynamics and interactions in the liquid state. Thanks to the generous support by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO, it was possible to hold a NATO ASI on Molecular Liquids at the Italian Centre of Stanford University, Florence, Italy during June-July 1983. This book is based on the lectures presented at that meeting. The contents of this volume cover the three broad areas of current liquid phase research: (a) Analytical theory.
The series covers the fundamentals and applications of different smart material systems from renowned international experts.
A number of applications including scientific spectroscopy, security screening, and medical imaging have benefitted from the development and utilization of new and emerging terahertz (THz) generation and detection techniques. Exploring recent discoveries and the advancements of biological behaviors through THz spectroscopy and imaging and the devel