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The estimated health impacts and associated economic costs resulting from airborne particulate matter are substantial. Exposure to airborne fine particles ranks highly amongst preventable causes of disease. This book reviews the sources and atmospheric processes affecting airborne particulate matter and consequent impacts upon human health. Examining the latest information on the sources of particles in the atmosphere, both through direct emissions and atmospheric formation, the book also explores the methods which are used to estimate the contributions of different sources to airborne concentrations. Featuring case studies from recent assessments in Europe, the USA, China and India, the book provides a global overview of source apportionment. The health effects are reviewed in the context of the influence of sources, chemical composition and particle size upon relative toxicity. This comprehensive book is an important reference for policymakers and consultants working with pollution and human health, as well as academics working in atmospheric chemistry.
First Published in 2018. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an Informa company.
This book discusses contamination of water, air, and soil media. The book covers health effects of such contamination and discusses remedial measures to improve the situation. Contributions by experts provide a comprehensive discussion on the latest developments in the detection and analysis of contaminants, enabling researchers to understand the evolution of these pollutants in real time and develop more accurate source apportionment of these pollutants. The contents of this book will be of interest to researchers, professionals, and policy makers alike.
Jinan is one of the most polluted mega-cities in China, which is primarily due to the high levels of PM2.s. A quantitative understanding on the sources of PM2.s is a prerequisite to control the severe pollution. In this project, 103 PM2.s samples were collected and their chemical composition, including water-soluble ions, trace metals, organice carbon, elemental carbon and organice molecular markers, were measured. Mass closure anlysis reveals that OM (29%), sulphate (18%), nitrate (10%), ammonium (9%) and geological material (9%) are the major chemical components in PM2.s in Jinan. The data were fed to both PMF and CMB models for source apportionment and uncertainty analysis. PMF and CMB have identified secondary inorganic aerosol (41%; 31%), coal burning (10%; 16%), biomass burning (20%; 17%), vehicle emission (16%; 14%) and mineral dust (10%; 6%) as the major PM2.s sources in Jinan, respectively. CMB also identified the metallurgic plant (11 %) production as a potentially important source of Jinan's PM2.s. Furtherwork needs to be done including using other source identifications such as back trajectory, chemical transport model and remote sensing. Longer sampling periods is also recommended and establishing the local source profile is vital for the source apportionment in Jinan in the near future.
Exposure assessment and source apportionment of size fractions of airborne particulate matter.
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This book contains the papers and discussions from the symposium, "PARTICU LATE CARBON: Atmospheric Life Cycle," held at the General Motors Research Laboratories on October 13-14, 1980. This symposium, which focused on atmospheric particulate elemental carbon, or soot, was the twenty-fifth in this series sponsored by the General Motors Research Laboratories. The present symposium volume contains discussions of the following aspects of particulate elemental carbon (EC): the atmos pheric life cycle of EC including sources, sinks, and transport processes, the role of EC in atmospheric chemistry and optics, the possible role of EC in altering climate, and measurement techniques as well as ambient concentrations in urban, rural, and remote areas. Previous symposia have covered a wide range of scientific and engineering subjects. Topics are selected because they are new or represent rapidly changing fields and are of significant technical importance. It is ironic that the study of particulate elemental carbon or soot should meet the above criteria for selection because soot, especially from coal and wood combustion, has been a recognized air pollutant for centuries. However, since the 1950s, when intense efforts to study air pollution were initiated, to until a few years ago, the role of elemental carbon in the atmosphere was largely ignored. The major reason for this was the lack of a suitable measurement technique.