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Sutton Park is one of the largest urban parks in Europe. It was always set apart as ‘special’ and remains so, as a large and well-used public park. Its creation as a deer park in the twelfth century preserved the past and created the present. Detailed study of extensive earthworks, combined with excavation, documentary research, palaeo-environmental evidence and the results of LiDAR survey, shows how the landscape was shaped and managed by people living in and around it, travelling through it, or hunting in it, and demonstrates how its present vegetation patterns result from past uses. In addition to the boundary, subdivisions and fishponds of the medieval deer park, its archaeological features include prehistoric burnt mounds and a Roman road, and prominent remains of later uses including woodland management, water-powered industries, military training, sport and recreation. In addition, this book discusses management of the park to protect its landscape for the future, and an appendix highlights particular features to visit.
Originally published in 1982, and based on extensive research in estates’ archives, this book outlines the changing fate of the 500 largest estates in England over the centuries. It examines estates in their heyday and looks at their changing role as they declined in the twentieth century, showing how some estates have survived and describing the differing uses to which country houses have been put.
Parks were prominent and, indeed, controversial features of the medieval countryside, but they have been unevenly studied and remain only partly understood. Stephen Mileson provides the first full-length study of the subject, examining parks across the country and throughout the Middle Ages in their full social, economic, jurisdictional, and landscape context. The first half of the book investigates the purpose of these royal and aristocratic reserves, which have been variously claimed as hunting grounds, economic assets, landscape settings for residences, and status symbols. An emphasis on the aristocratic passion for the chase as the key motivation for park-making provides an important challenge to more recent views and allows for a deeper appreciation of the connection between park-making and the expression of power and lordship. The second part of the volume examines the impact of park creation on wider society, from the king and aristocracy to peasants and townsmen. Instead of the traditional emphasis on the importance of royal regulation, greater attention is paid to the effects of lordly park-making on other members of the landed elite and ordinary people. These widespread enclosures interfered with customary uses of woodland and waste, hunting practices, roads, and farming; not surprisingly, they could become a focus for aristocratic feud, popular protest, and furtive resistance. Combining historical, archaeological, and landscape evidence, this ground-breaking work provides fresh insight into contemporary values and how they helped to shape the medieval landscape.