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Observations of the ionosphere during the 20 July 1963 solar eclipse at Bedford, Massachusetts are presented. A C-4 vertical incidence sounder was used. Critical frequencies and virtual heights of the ionosphere are plotted and compared with a 10-day average curve. Ionograms of the time of first contact, maximum eclipse and fourth contact are included. A series of optical photographs of the sun in eclipse, taken at ground level, are presented. (Author).
This work contributes immensely to current understanding of solar eclipses most especially total solar eclipses, it origin, and reveal a quite difference ionospheric behavior at different period of solar X-ray flare classes production during total eclipse in middle latitude ionosonde station situated along the path of totality of eclipse. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partially obscuring Earth's view of the Sun. This configuration can only occur during a new moon, when the Sun and Moon are aligned as seen from the Earth. This phenomena and on ionosphere F2 are reveals.
Positive ion composition measurements in the D and E regions were performed on three rocket flights during the 1966 solar eclipse program conducted at Cassino, Brazil. The E region results showed that, at totality, NO+ and O2+ decreased in density while the ratio NO+/O2 increased. Long-lived meteoric ions appeared to be unaffected during the short period of the eclipse. A submerged layer of meteoric ions became prominent at totality when the molecular ion densities were smallest and produced a sporadic E layer. The D region results indicated that the decay in the water cluster ions at totality was probably less than a factor of four in the vicinity of 80 km. This work represents part of a continuing Air Force program to study lower ionospheric processes which affect communications. (Author).