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Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use, Vol. 40: Marsh and Swamp It is apparent from this discussion of Marsh, Tidal marsh, and Swamp that millions of acres of extremely valuable and fertile soil are in such a condition of excessive moisture that they are at the present time of little or of no use for agriculture. It is also appar ent from the reclamation work which has already been undertaken with these different classes of wet land, that a considerable profit is derived from every well-ordered attempt at drainage and reclama tion. It is a matter of considerable importance not only to the ih dividual but to the community within which these different swampy soils occur that careful consideration be given to their drainage. In the first. Place, it is desirable to add a large acreage of extremely fertile soil to the land area of the United States. In the second place, it is usually very desirable that the wet areas should be drained for sanitary reasons. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use-XXXVIII: Muck and Peat Mention has been made of the planting of protecting hedges which are used to break the force of spring winds and to prevent the bodily removal of the surface soils and even the seed. The North Carolina poplar is frequently used for such purposes, since it makes a rapid growth. When the trees become fully grown, there is need for the interplanting of lower-growing forms in order to thicken the hedge, thus forming a complete windbreak. Sometimes special devices are used to prevent the horses from, sinking into the soft surface soil of the Muck or Peat. A bog shoe of boards fitted with clamps, so that it may be temporarily attached to the regular horseshoe, is generally employed for this purpose. The bearing area of each foot is increased until there is little danger that the work horses will become bogged down in the soft soil. Frequently, cold frames or small greenhouses are established near the muck beds for the forcing of the plants required for transplanting upon the Muck or Peat. This usage is more common where extra early truck crops are produced than where onions or the later field crops are grown. A later use of the cold frames is sometimes made for gron special crops under glass. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use XXXIX: Meadow The word Meadow, as applied to soil conditions and as used in the soil classification of the Bureau of Soils, designates those low-lying, frequently somewhat swampy areas found along stream courses and tidewater embayments, which are subject to overflow and which are chiefly devoted to pasturage and the production of hay, when used for agricultural purposes, though usually occupied by trees and dense undergrowth when in their natural condition. Meadow areas, according to this classification, are necessarily variable in texture, since they are among the youngest of soils. They are partially completed soil areas which are subject to frequent accessions of material which may be similar to that already deposited or may differ widely in texture from earlier deposits, depending upon the character of the successive overflows. The term Meadow as here used possesses the oldest significance of the word. This arises from the fact that before the introduction of the majority of grasses and clovers now used for seeding, the moist, low-lying lands supported a growth of the wild grasses that formed the chief dependence of the early farmers both for grazing and for hay. With the introduction of new grasses and with the spread of grass culture to the uplands, the term was transposed, together with grass growing, and the broader significance of the term was made to include the agricultural use of all land of any character where grass was grown for hay. The older use of the term, which is the definition adopted by the Bureau of Soils, is much more definite and significant for the purposes of soil classification. Areas of Meadow of various sizes occur along the courses of nearly all of the larger streams of the eastern portion of the United States. Wherever the bottom lands are subject to periodic overflow such soils may be formed. As a result of this condition along all stream courses where soil building is in progress, areas of Meadow have been encountered in 173 different areas, located in 31 different States and aggregating a total of 3, 086, 829 acres. This vast area constitutes but a small part of the total, and it may be safely estimated that not less than 20, 000, 000 acres of such soil deposits exist in the eastern part of the country. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use XXII: The Norfolk Sandy Loam The Norfolk sandy loam is an extensive soil type developed within the lower lying portions of the Atlantic and eastern Gulf Coastal Plains. It lies at varying altitudes from sea level up to 150 or 200 feet above tide, but the greater part of the type is probably found between altitudes of 50 and 150 feet. The surface of the Norfolk sandy loam is nearly level, undulating or gently rolling, and there are no steep Slopes or marked differences of elevation within the different areas of the type. The surface soil of the Norfolk sandy loam is a gray or a pale yellow medium sand, having a depth of about 12 inches. This is underlain to a depth of nearly 2 feet by a loamy sand or sandy loam of a yellow color which grades downward into a friable yellow sandy clay. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use XXXVI: The Volusia Silt Loam Its surface varies, therefore, from nearly level or gently rolling to steeply sloping and almost precipitous. The greatest part of the type lies at altitudes ranging from 1,200 to 2,000 feet above tide level. Some portions of it rise to an extreme elevation of approximately 2,300 feet, while the areas found in northeastern Ohio are much less hilly and lie between 900 and 1,100 feet. The surface drainage of the Volusia silt loam is fairly adequate over the greater part of the type. Numerous springs found upon the hill slopes give rise to small swampy areas and some of the more level tracts are so closely underlain by impervious rock as to be poorly drained. The greatest difficulty with drainage, however, arises from the compacted and dense condition of the subsoil just below plow depth. Long-continued plowing to the same depth, often at times when the subsoil was too wet, has compacted and hardened the layer upon which the plow sole rides, forming what is locally known as "hardpan." This hardpan seriously interferes with the natural internal drainage of the type. Upon the more level areas of this soil erosion is not a serious problem, but there are many steep slopes within its boundaries which may be protected from destructive washing only through remaining in permanent pasture or in woodlot or forest. From many such slopes, denuded of forest when the region was cleared, practically all of the original soil has been removed, leaving only a mass of shale fragments mingled with a small amount of earth. Such slopes should never have been cleared. They comprise possibly 15 per cent of the total area of the type. The Volusia silt loam occurs at high elevations in a cold northern region. It is a moderately well drained soil, of rather heavy texture, suited under ordinary conditions only to the production of hardy crops which mature in a short growing season. The greater proportion of the type lies at too great an elevation to permit of maturing any variety of corn except the flint, and even this can only be grown for silage in the majority of years. The crop adaptation of the type is therefore restricted by its inherent characteristics and by its climatic surroundings to buckwheat, oats, Irish potatoes, and hay. Other crops are grown to a limited extent, and the better drained areas, which may also lie at lower elevations, possess a greater range in crop adaptations than the general average of the type. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.