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Scientific Study from the year 2014 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: 3, Kachchh University (Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry), language: English, abstract: The Gujarat state encompasses an arid area of 62,180 Km2 of which 73% is falling under kachchh district. Kachchh is the one of the largest district in India covering an area of 45, 612 sq.km. And is part of the Kathiawar Peninsula occupying the northwestern part of Gujarat. The major objective of the present study was to analyze the physico-chemical characteristics of soil, to estimate the soil carbon pool as well to conserve the soil organic carbon pool. Major plant species which were noted at the Tapkeshwari hill in the were Salvadora persica, Capparis decidua, Capparis deciduas, Calotropis procera, Tamarix sp., Aeluropus lagopoides, Cressa cretica, Sporobolus spp. and Prosopis cineraria, Acacia nilotica and Acacia Senegal. Different parameters were analyzed for soil samples like alkalinity, total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, sulphure, iron, phosphorous, total organic carbon, chloride, sodium, potassium, EC, pH, TDS, and moisture content. The soil sample near P. chilensis species gives higher values in monsoon season in moisture content, pH, phosphate, TOC, SAR, iron, potassium, sodium and chloride, whereas temperature, alkalinity, Total hardness, calcium, magnesium and sulphate gives higher value in winter season. Soil samples of Acacia Senegal gives higher value of TOC in winter season. Prosopis julif- lora shows negligible value in winter season. The value of TOC in decreasing order in all species was Acacia senegal ~ Prosopis cineraria ~ Salvadora persica ~ Acacia nilotica ~ Prosaopis cineraria.
Much attention has been given to above ground biomass and its potential as a carbon sink, but in a mature forest ecosystem 40 to 60 percent of the stored carbon is below ground. As increasing numbers of forests are managed in a wide diversity of climates and soils, the importance of forest soils as a potential carbon sink grows. The Potenti
Seagrasses are a vital and widespread but often overlooked coastal marine habitat. This volume provides a global survey of their distribution and conservation status.
Sustainable horticulture is gaining increasing attention in the field of agriculture as demand for the food production rises to the world community. Sustainable horticultural systems are based on ecological principles to farm, optimizes pest and disease management approaches through environmentally friendly and renewable strategies in production agriculture. It is a discipline that addresses current issues such as food security, water pollution, soil health, pest control, and biodiversity depletion. Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, entomology, ecology, chemistry and food sciences. Sustainable horticulture interprets methods and processes in the farming system to the global level. For that, horticulturists use the system approach that involves studying components and interactions of a whole system to address scientific, economic and social issues. In that respect, sustainable horticulture is not a classical, narrow science. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach that treats only negative impacts, sustainable horticulture treats problem sources.
Contributed articles on climate change.
Tree based production systems abound especially in the tropics. Despite the pervasiveness of such multipurpose “trees-outside-forest” resources, they have not attracted adequate attention in the development paradigms of many nation states. These multispecies production systems impact the ecosystem processes favourably. Yet, our understanding of the diversity attributes and carbon dynamics under agroforestry is not adequate. This book focuses on the role of multispecies production systems involving tree and crop species as a means for carbon sequestration and thereby reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Sixteen chapters organized into three broad sections titled: Measurement and Estimation, Agrobiodiversity and Tree Management, and Policy and Socioeconomic Aspects represent a cross section of the opportunities and challenges in current research and emerging issues in harnessing carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems.
Rainwater Catchment Systems for Domestic Supply provides a state-of-the-art review of practice in the collection of rainwater. It presents case studies with numerous examples from around the world which will help anyone intending to design or construct a rainwater catchment system. The prime focus of the book is on implementation of roof and ground catchment systems for meeting either total or supplementary household water requirements. All aspects of design and construction are covered including simple methods of sizing systems, erection of gutters, choice of materials, construction techniques, training, operation and maintenance. In addition, non-technical factors such as water quality, health, social, cultural, political, institutional and gender issues are discussed. The text is fully supported with drawings and photographs and a detailed illustrated step-by-step account is provided of how to build several different types of household rainwater tanks with volumes from 2 to 90 cubic metres. Rainwater Catchment Systems is based on practical experience and lessons learnt during over 20 years constructing and researching rainwater systems in Africa and Asia. It will be of use and interest to project managers, development workers, water engineers, architects, builders, researchers and appropriate technology enthusiasts.
This book introduces the key stages of niche-based habitat suitability model building, evaluation and prediction required for understanding and predicting future patterns of species and biodiversity. Beginning with the main theory behind ecological niches and species distributions, the book proceeds through all major steps of model building, from conceptualization and model training to model evaluation and spatio-temporal predictions. Extensive examples using R support graduate students and researchers in quantifying ecological niches and predicting species distributions with their own data, and help to address key environmental and conservation problems. Reflecting this highly active field of research, the book incorporates the latest developments from informatics and statistics, as well as using data from remote sources such as satellite imagery. A website at www.unil.ch/hsdm contains the codes and supporting material required to run the examples and teach courses.
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Environmental Sciences, Royal University of Bhutan (College of Natural Resources), course: Environment and Climate studies, language: English, abstract: This study investigated the total Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) density and its distribution under two different forest types considering the change in carbon with elevation in two different depths of the soil in Nahi Gewog, Bhutan. This work will serve as baseline data for further research on soil carbon density. The soil, being one of the carbon pools, hosts the largest terrestrial carbon and plays a crucial role in the global carbon balance by regulating the exchange of greenhouse gases with the atmosphere. The Earth is facing increased pressure from emission of Greenhouse gases which leads to change in natural climate system from good to worse. Bhutan is considered as carbon neutral country and the country has large masses of forest soil which have huge potential for carbon absorption than to release into atmosphere which would otherwise attributed to Global warming.