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Edited by Ay,se K. Üskül and Shigehiro Oishi, Socio-Economic Environment and Human Psychology focuses on the social and economic conditions that impact on every aspect of an individual's life cycle. This edited collection showcases a variety of approaches to the study of the role of the social and economic environment in human psychological processes, such as: judgment and decision-making, trust, the self, and happiness. Further, it brings together state-of-the-art research from the fields of psychology, anthropology, economics, epidemiology, and evolutionary science. Illuminating how individuals think, feel, and behave in response to the social and economic conditions and settings that shape our daily lives, contributors to this volume explore the role played by economic conditions (wealth, scarcity, disasters); economic change (urbanization, socio-economic mobility); and the type of economic activity or structure (farming, herding, market economy) in the shaping of different psychological processes. As a result, the findings presented in this volume provide readers with important policy implications that have the potential to help to improve the psychological health of citizens at large.
The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, , language: English, abstract: Stress is the basic factor impacting the organization and is the major causing of reducing the productivity of the organizations. Stress is the basis of conflicts and violence in many organizations. People have problems which need to be resolved otherwise they will put negative impact touching many dimensions of human life reducing the health and the mental balance. The organizational productivity will reduce and there will be problems related to the quality of work life. One of the greatest challenges facing organizations today is the ever-growing competition, the continuous increase in customer expectations and customers’ subsequent demands. Moreover, customers are becoming increasingly critical of the quality of services they experience. In order to be successful, firms must view stress management as an essential part of their strategic process. Increased competition has forced traditional organisations to find ways to retain current employees and to attract customers the major task of organisations is to promote customer satisfaction and loyalty while establishing a competitive advantage a major factor on customer satisfaction and loyalty is the quality. Increased service quality through increased employee performance is a viable way for organisations to remain competitive. One strategy which has gained momentum, in services, is the concept of quality and quality management. Quality can come from happy employees. The stress in the organisations reduces the talents and competencies by which the employees impact the service quality.
This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.
Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.
A remarkable volume that will help students recognize and consider interactions between and among individuals and social systems.
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
It also takes into account the expected and unexpected stresses, challenges, and life tasks that can influence development within social environments."--BOOK JACKET.
This innovative text is the first to introduce practical techniques social workers can use to incorporate social, economic, and environmental justice into their practice. The book emphasizes the role of justice in social work practice across the micro-macro spectrum. By assessing common human needs in relation to human rights, justice, and practice aimed at promoting fairness, students will learn how to incorporate theories and practical perspectives in social work practice with individuals, families, communities, and organizations. With its unique approach, this text focuses on structural oppression and inequities connected to clients' engagement in systems and structures. The impact of disparities on accessing and utilizing resources, and subsequently achieving successful outcomes, is examined through the justice lens. Beginning with an overview of key concepts and theoretical underpinnings that provide foundational knowledge, the text then examines each of the three justice foci --social, economic, and environmental--in detail through specific systems. These systems include criminal justice, education, food security, natural disasters and climate change, health, mental health, housing, and income disparities Throughout the book, readers are asked to reflect on their own perceptions to enhance understanding of the influence of justice on practice. Case studies, diagrams, boxed information, student learning outcomes, chapter summaries, and review questions enhance understanding and application of content. Purchase includes digital access for use on most mobile devices or computers. Key Features: Emphasizes the role of social, economic, and environmental justice in social work practice Examines the science and theory behind justice as it relates to social work Teaches practical methods for implementing justice-oriented social work practice Authored by prominent instructors actively engaged in co-curricular justice-related content Offers student learning outcomes and summaries in each chapter Presents abundant diagrams and boxes to enhance application of content Provides multiple experiential learning opportunities including case examples and reflective and knowledge-based review questions Offers practical examples of justice-informed social work Includes Instructor's Manual with sample syllabus, PowerPoints, exam questions, and media resources