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Smart technologies have advanced rapidly throughout our society (e.g. smart energy, smart health, smart living, smart cities, smart environment, and smart society) and across geographic spaces and places. Behind these "smart" developments are a number of seminal drivers, such as social media (e.g. Twitter), sensors (drones, wearables), smartphone apps, and computing infrastructure (e.g. cloud computing). These developments have captured the enthusiasm of the public, while inevitably present unprecedented challenges and opportunities for the geographic research community. When meeting the smart challenges, are there emerging theories, methods, and observations that reveal new spatial phenomena, produce new knowledge, and foster new policies? Smart Spaces and Places addresses questions such as how to make spaces and places "smart", how the "smartness" affects the way we think spaces and places, and what role geographies play in knowledge production and decision-making in a "smart" era. The collection of 21 chapters offers stimulating discussion over the meaning of spaces, places, and smartness; scientific insights into smartness; social-political views of smartness; and policy implications of smartness. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Annals of the American Association of Geographers.
Smart technologies have advanced rapidly throughout our society (e.g. smart energy, smart health, smart living, smart cities, smart environment, and smart society) and across geographic spaces and places. Behind these "smart" developments are a number of seminal drivers, such as social media (e.g. Twitter), sensors (drones, wearables), smartphone apps, and computing infrastructure (e.g. cloud computing). These developments have captured the enthusiasm of the public, while inevitably present unprecedented challenges and opportunities for the geographic research community. When meeting the smart challenges, are there emerging theories, methods, and observations that reveal new spatial phenomena, produce new knowledge, and foster new policies? Smart Spaces and Places addresses questions such as how to make spaces and places "smart", how the "smartness" affects the way we think spaces and places, and what role geographies play in knowledge production and decision-making in a "smart" era. The collection of 21 chapters offers stimulating discussion over the meaning of spaces, places, and smartness; scientific insights into smartness; social-political views of smartness; and policy implications of smartness. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Annals of the American Association of Geographers.
Smart Spaces combines the study of working or living spaces with computing, information equipment, and multimodal sensing devices, and with natural and convenient interactive interfaces to support how people can easily obtain services from computer systems. People's work and life in smart spaces use computer systems; it is a process of uninterrupted interaction between people and the computer system. In this process, the computer is no longer just an information processing tool that passively executes explicit human operation commands but a collaborator with people to complete tasks – a partner to human beings. International research on smart spaces is quite extensive, which shows the important role of smart spaces in ubiquitous computing research. Smart Spaces covers the latest research concepts and technologies of smart spaces, providing technical personnel engaged in smart space related research and industries a more in-depth understanding of smart spaces. This book can be used as a reference for practicing the emerging discipline of Smart Spaces, and will be useful for researchers, scientists, developers, practitioners, and graduate students working in the fields of smart spaces and artificial intelligence. - Comprehensively introduces smart spaces, from basic concepts, core technologies, technical architecture, application scenarios, and other aspects - Covers the latest cutting-edge application technology of smart spaces in various fields, providing relevant practitioners with ideas to solve problems and have a deeper understanding of smart spaces - Serves as teaching material or as a reference for teachers and students of interaction design, internet of things, ubiquitous and pervasive computing, and artificial intelligence - Gives a detailed introduction to the theory of Smart Spaces and uses mathematical formulas
This book constitutes the joint refereed proceedings of the 12 International Conference on Next Generation Teletraffic and Wired/Wireless Advanced Networking, NEW2AN, and the 5th Conference on Internet of Things and Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2012, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in August 2012. The total of 42 papers was carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. The 14 papers selected from ruSMART are organized in topical sections named: defining an internet-of-things ecosystem; future services; and smart space governing through service mashups. The 28 papers from NEW2AN deal with the following topics: wireless cellular networks; ad-hoc, mesh, and delay-tolerant networks; scalability, cognition, and self-organization; traffic and internet applications; and wireless sensor networks. They also contain 4 selected papers from the NEW2AN 2012 winter session.
One of the major limitations of the Ambient Intelligent Systems today is the lack of semantic models of those activities on the environment, so that the system can recognize the specific activity being performed by the user(s) and act accordingly. In this context, this thesis addresses the general problem of knowledge representation in Smart Spaces. The main objective is to develop knowledge-based models, equipped with semantics to learn, infer and monitor human behaviours in Smart Spaces. Moreover, it is easy to recognize that some aspects of this problem have a high degree of uncertainty, and therefore, the developed models must be equipped with mechanisms to manage this type of information. As an added value, this system should be sufficiently simple and flexible to be managed by non-expert users, and thus, facilitate the transfer of research to industry. To do this, we develop graphical models to represent human behaviour in Smart Spaces, in order to provide them with more usability in the final application. As a result, human behaviour recognition can help assisting people with special needs such as independent elders, in remote rehabilitation monitoring, industrial process guidelines, and many other cases.
This book constitutes the joint refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Next Generation Wired/Wireless Advanced Networks and Systems, NEW2AN 2014, and the 7th Conference on Internet of Things and Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2014, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in August 2014. The total of 67 papers was carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. The 15 papers selected from ruSMART are organized in topical sections named: smart spaces core technologies, smart spaces for geo-location and e-tourism apps, smart space supporting technologies, and video solutions for smart spaces. The 52 papers from NEW2AN deal with the following topics: advances in wireless networking, ad hoc networks and enhanced services, sensor- and machine-type communication, networking architectures and their modeling, traffic analysis and prediction, analytical methods for performance evaluation, materials for future communications, generation and analysis of signals, business aspects of networking, progress on upper layers and implementations, modeling methods and tools, techniques, algorithms, and control problems, photonics and optics, and signals and their processing.
A bold reassessment of "smart cities" that reveals what is lost when we conceive of our urban spaces as computers Computational models of urbanism—smart cities that use data-driven planning and algorithmic administration—promise to deliver new urban efficiencies and conveniences. Yet these models limit our understanding of what we can know about a city. A City Is Not a Computer reveals how cities encompass myriad forms of local and indigenous intelligences and knowledge institutions, arguing that these resources are a vital supplement and corrective to increasingly prevalent algorithmic models. Shannon Mattern begins by examining the ethical and ontological implications of urban technologies and computational models, discussing how they shape and in many cases profoundly limit our engagement with cities. She looks at the methods and underlying assumptions of data-driven urbanism, and demonstrates how the "city-as-computer" metaphor, which undergirds much of today's urban policy and design, reduces place-based knowledge to information processing. Mattern then imagines how we might sustain institutions and infrastructures that constitute more diverse, open, inclusive urban forms. She shows how the public library functions as a steward of urban intelligence, and describes the scales of upkeep needed to sustain a city's many moving parts, from spinning hard drives to bridge repairs. Incorporating insights from urban studies, data science, and media and information studies, A City Is Not a Computer offers a visionary new approach to urban planning and design.
Throughout history, humanity has sought the betterment of its communities. In the 21st century, humanity has technology on its side in the process of improving its cities. Smart cities make their improvements by gathering real-world data in real time. Still, there are many complexities that many do not catch—they are invisible. It is important to understand how people make sense at the urban level and in extra-urban spaces of the combined complexities of invisibilities and visibilities in their environments, interactions, and infrastructures enabled through their own enhanced awareness together with aware technologies that are often embedded, pervasive, and ambient. This book probes the visible and invisible dimensions of emerging understandings of smart cities and regions in the context of more aware people interacting with each other and through more aware and pervasive technologies. Visibilities and Invisibilities in Smart Cities: Emerging Research and Opportunities contributes to the research literature for urban theoretical spaces, methodologies, and applications for smart and responsive cities; the evolving of urban theory and methods for 21st century cities and urbanities; and the formulation of a conceptual framework for associated methodologies and theoretical spaces. This work explores the relationships between variables using a case study approach combined with an explanatory correlational design. It is based on an urban research study conducted from mid-2015 to mid-2020 that spanned multiple countries across three continents. The book is split into four sections: introduction to the concepts of visible and invisible, frameworks for understanding the interplay of the two concepts, associated and evolving theory and methods, and extending current research as opportunities in smart city environments and regions. Covering topics including human geography, smart cities, and urban planning, this book is essential for urban planners, designers, city officials, community agencies, business managers and owners, academicians, researchers, and students, including those who work across multiple domains such as architecture, environmental design, human-computer interaction, human geography, information technology, sociology, and affective computing.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Next Generation Teletraffic and Wired/Wireless Advanced Networking, NEW2AN 2010, held in conjunction with the Third Conference on Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2009 in St. Petersburg, Russia, in August 2010. The 27 revised NEW2AN full papers are organized in topical sections on performance evaluation; performance modeling; delay-/disruption-tolerant networking and overlay systems; integrated wireless networks; resource management; and multimedia communications. The 14 revised ruSMART full papers are about smart spaces use cases; smart-M3 platform; and smart spaces solutions.
This book tackles the emerging smart urbanism to advance a new way of urban thinking and to explore a new design approach. It unravels several urban transformations in dualities: economic relationality and centrality, technological flattening and polarisation, and spatial division and fusion. These dualities are interdependent; concurrent, coexisting, and contradictory, they are jointly disrupting and reshaping many aspects of contemporary cities and spaces. The book draws on a suite of international studies, experiences, and observations, including case studies in Beijing, Singapore, and Boston, to reveal how these processes are impacting urban design, development, and policy approaches. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated many changes already in motion, and provides an extreme circumstance for reflecting on and imagining urban spaces. These analyses, thoughts, and visions inform an urban imaginary of smart design that incorporates change, flexibility, collaboration, and experimentation, which together forge a paradigm of urban thinking. This paradigm builds upon the modernist and postmodernist urban design traditions and extends them in new directions, responding to and anticipating a changing urban environment. The book proposes a smart design manifesto to stimulate thought, trigger debate, and, hopefully, influence a new generation of urban thinkers and smart designers. It will be of interest to scholars, students, and practitioners in the fields of urban design, planning, architecture, urban development, and urban studies.