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This is a comprehensive guide to single-stranded RNA phages (family Leviviridae), first discovered in 1961. These phages played a unique role in early studies of molecular biology, the genetic code, translation, replication, suppression of mutations. Special attention is devoted to modern applications of the RNA phages and their products in nanotechnology, vaccinology, gene discovery, evolutionary and environmental studies. Included is an overview of the generation of novel vaccines, gene therapy vectors, drug delivery, and diagnostic tools exploring the role of RNA phage-derived products in the revolutionary progress of the protein tethering and bioimaging protocols. Key Features Presents the first full guide to single-stranded RNA phages Reviews the history of molecular biology summarizing the role RNA phages in the development of the life sciences Demonstrates how RNA phage-derived products have resulted in nanotechnological applications Presents an up-to-date account of the role played by RNA phages in evolutionary and environmental studies
The data was aggregated in several informative ways. Multiple alignments were combined with a predicted 3D-structure to reveal regions of both high and low conservation. Viewed in a phylogenetic framework, many gokushovirus MCP clades contained samples from multiple environments, although distinct clades dominated the different sample types. Some environments, particularly pelagic sediments, appear as hotbeds of gokushovirus diversity, while freshwater springs were the least diverse. The second chapter used the same primer set to detect gokushovirus communities at 0 m and 100 m depth in two seasons from three years at the Bermuda Atlantic Time- series Study (BATS) site. As a result of twenty-six years of constant sampling, the annual hydrodynamic cycling of BATS is very well understood. This wealth of knowledge allows us to hypothesize that the winter deep mixing layer will act to connect the viral communities between 0 m and 100 m. Conversely, in summer when stratification occurs, viral communities at the two depths will become divergent. We find compelling evidence to support this hypothesis. The final chapter of this thesis details continuing efforts to characterize the first non-tailed, single-stranded DNA, temperate phage to infect a member of the globally important genus of marine autotroph, Synechococcus. Efforts undertaken have spanned genomic, metagenomic and proteomic methodologies. The lack of culturable, phage-host model systems for small, single-stranded DNA phages is today one of the most glaring impediments to increased understanding of these viruses. In combination with the data presented on environmental diversity, steps taken towards establishing this Synechococcus phage as a culturable model system makes this thesis a major contribution to the understanding of environmental ssDNA phages.
This first major reference work dedicated to the mannifold industrial and medical applications of bacteriophages provides both theoretical and practical insights into the emerging field of bacteriophage biotechnology. The book introduces to bacteriophage biology, ecology and history and reviews the latest technologies and tools in bacteriophage detection, strain optimization and nanotechnology. Usage of bacteriophages in food safety, agriculture, and different therapeutic areas is discussed in detail. This book serves as essential guide for researchers in applied microbiology, biotechnology and medicine coming from both academia and industry.
A comprehensive collection of readily reproducible techniques for the manipulation of recombinant plasmids using the bacterial host E. coli. The authors describe proven methods for cloning DNA into plasmid vectors, transforming plasmids into E. coli, and analyzing recombinant clones. They also include protocols for the construction and screening of libraries, as well as specific techniques for specialized cloning vehicles, such as cosmids, bacterial artificial chromosomes, l vectors, and phagemids. Common downstream applications such as mutagenesis of plasmids, recombinant protein expression, and the use of reporter genes, are also described.
Serpins are a group of proteins with similar structures that were first identified as a set of proteins able to inhibit proteases. This volume in the Methods in Enzymology series comprehensively covers this topic. With an international board of authors, this volume covers subjects such as Crystallography of serpins and serpin complexes, Serpins as hormone transporters, and Production of serpins using cell free systems. This volume in the Methods in Enzymology series comprehensively covers the topic of serpins With an international board of authors, this volume covers subjects such as Crystallography of serpins and serpin complexes, Serpins as hormone transporters, and Production of serpins using cell free systems
This authoritative, timely, and comprehensively referenced compendium on the bacteriophages explores current views of how viruses infect bacteria. In combination with classical phage molecular genetics, new structural, genomic, and single-molecule technologies have rendered an explosion in our knowledge of phages. Bacteriophages, the most abundant and genetically diverse type of organism in the biosphere, were discovered at the beginning of the 20th century and enjoyed decades of used as anti-bacterial agents before being eclipsed by the antibiotic era. Since 1988, phages have come back into the spotlight as major factors in pathogenesis, bacterial evolution, and ecology. This book reveals their compelling elegence of function and their almost inconceivable diversity.Much of the founding work in molecular biology and structural biology was done on bacteriophages. These are widely used in molecular biology research and in biotechnology, as probes and markers, and in the popular method of assesing gene expression.