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zero bias. We present plausible explanations for this phenomena. We also present and discuss data showing negative differential resistance and BCS gap-like structure.
This book has been compiled to give specialists, in areas that could be helped by tunneling spectroscopy, a rounded and relatively painless intro duction to the field. Why relatively painless? Because this book is filled with figures-A quick glance through these figures can give one a good idea of the types of systems that can be studied and the quality of results that can be obtained. To date, it has been somewhat difficult to learn about tunneling spectroscopy, as papers in this field have appeared in a diversity of scientific journals: for example. The Journal of Adhesion, J(}urnal (}f Catalysis, Surface and Interface Analysis, Science, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Physical Review-over 45 different ones in all, plus numerous conference proceedings. This diversity is, however, undoubtedly healthy. It indicates that the findings of tunneling spectroscopy are of interest and potential benefit to a wide audience. This book can help people who have seen a few papers or heard a talk on tunneling spectroscopy and want to learn more about what it can do for their field. Tunneling spectroscopy is presently in a transitional state. Its experi mental methods and theoretical basis have been reasonably well developed. Its continued vitality will depend on the success of its applications. Crucial to that success, as pointed out by Ward Plummer, is the adoption of tunneling spectroscopy by specialists in the areas of application.
Electron tunnelling spectroscopy as a research tool has strongly advanced understanding of superconductivity. This book explains the physics and instrumentation behind the advances illustrated in beautiful images of atoms, rings of atoms and exotic states in high temperature superconductors, and summarizes the state of knowledge that has resulted.
Work with individual atoms and molecules aims to demonstrate that miniaturized electronic, optical, magnetic, and mechanical devices can operate ultimately even at the level of a single atom or molecule. As such, atomic and molecular manipulation has played an emblematic role in the development of the field of nanoscience. New methods based on the use of the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) have been developed to characterize and manipulate all the degrees of freedom of individual atoms and molecules with an unprecedented precision. In the meantime, new concepts have emerged to design molecules and substrates having specific optical, mechanical and electronic functions, thus opening the way to the fabrication of real nano-machines. Manipulation of individual atoms and molecules has also opened up completely new areas of research and knowledge, raising fundamental questions of "Optics at the atomic scale", "Mechanics at the atomic scale", Electronics at the atomic scale", "Quantum physics at the atomic scale", and "Chemistry at the atomic scale". This book aims to illustrate the main aspects of this ongoing scientific adventure and to anticipate the major challenges for the future in "Atomic and molecular manipulation" from fundamental knowledge to the fabrication of atomic-scale devices. - Provides a broad overview of the field to aid those new and entering into this research area - Presents a review of the historical development and evolution of the field - Offers a clear personalized view of current scanning probe microscopy research from world experts