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As the second volume of a two-volume set that presents a comprehensive syntactical picture of Singapore Mandarin, this title analyses various expressions relating to number, quantity, time and place, composite sentences and the characteristics and standardisation of Singapore Mandarin. The first two chapters discuss expressions of number, quantity, time and place in Singapore Mandarin and touch upon the differences in these expressions between Singapore and Chinese Mandarin (Putonghua). Composite sentences are then analysed, covering seven types of compound sentences and eight types of complex sentences, as well as connective words with a focus on conjunctions. The final part of the volume analyses the characteristics of Singapore Mandarin grammar compared with Chinese Mandarin, on the level of phrase, lexicon and sentence. From the perspectives of language contact, political and social contexts and bilingualism, it summarises the possible reasons for the differences between the two varieties of Chinese and points out primary challenges and major concerns of the standardisation of Singapore Mandarin. With rich and authentic language examples, the book will serve as a must read for learners and teachers of Mandarin Chinese and linguistics scholars interested in global Chinese and especially Singapore Mandarin.
As the first volume of a two-volume set that presents a comprehensive syntactical picture of Singapore Mandarin, this title discusses the distinguishing characteristics of the Chinese language and describes the grammar of Singapore Mandarin. The book first provides an overview of the grammar of Singapore Mandarin and compares it with Chinese Mandarin (Putonghua). As a variety of Mandarin Chinese, Singapore Mandarin is also characterised by syntactic rules taking precedence over morphological rules. Therefore, it is argued that word order and functional words are specifically important in the study of Singapore Mandarin. Then the author explicates the properties and functions of the following nine grammatical components: the five most basic phrase types, word classes, sentences, subjects and predicates, predicates and objects, predicates and complements, attributes and adverbials, complex predicate phrases, and prepositions and prepositional phrases. With rich and authentic language examples, the book will serve as a must-read for learners and teachers of Mandarin Chinese and linguistics scholars interested in global Chinese and especially Singapore Mandarin.
Focusing on the fundamental grammatical units and construction in modern Chinese, this title is the second volume of a classic on modern Chinese grammar by WANG Li, one of the most distinguished Chinese linguists. This volume discusses nine major grammatical components in modern Chinese: 1) copulas, 2) negation, 3) adverbs, 4) markers applied to indicate the features of words or phrases, 5) aspects that indicate the duration and status of events, 6) moods that help express the emotions in language, 7) modal tertiaries, 8) connectives and 9) relative tertiaries. Including a wide variety of examples and analyses, this book is a must-read for Chinese language learners, as well as researchers and students studying Chinese linguistics and modern Chinese grammar.
As the second volume of a two-volume set that studies the Chinese rhyme tables, this book seeks to reconstruct the ancient rhyme tables based on the extant materials and findings. A rhyme table is a tabulated tool constituted by phonological properties, which helps indicate the pronunciation of sinograms or Chinese characters, marking an accurate and systematic account of the Chinese phonological system. The book first explores the relationship and identifies the prototype of the extant rhyme tables. Then the principles and methods for collating and rebuilding the ancient rhyme table are introduced. It then looks at the general layout, including tables, table order, shè, zhuǎn, rhyme heading, rhyme order, light and heavy articulations, rounded and unrounded articulations, and initials. The final chapter presents the reconstructed rhyme tables with detailed annotations and add-on indexes. The book will appeal to scholars and students studying Sinology, Chinese linguistics, and especially Chinese phonology.
This book extends the traditional research perspective of single sentences and contexts to the textual structure of real discourse materials. Taking discourse functional grammar as its theoretical orientation, the book combines relevant theories with Chinese practice to work on a number of topics, including discourse phenomena and syntactic integration, the information status and discourse function of special syntactic structures, the emergence of discourse functions of metadiscourse components, and stylistic differences and their syntactic manifestations. Syntactic-semantic laws and discourse functions are examined in relation to each other, which better reveals their inner connection; a focus on the shaping of grammatical structures by interactional factors brings to light the functional motivations behind grammatical rules. In contrast to traditional Chinese grammar research, which takes individual simple or complex sentences as the object of study, this book mainly analyses grammatical phenomena that span sentences. By broadening the scope of research, it enables further exploration of issues that are difficult to address satisfactorily at the sentence level, thus enriching the study of Chinese grammar. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of interactional linguistics, Chinese linguistics and functional grammar.
As an important introduction to the phonological history of Chinese, this title explores the phonological systems of the Chinese language and explains basic concepts, materials and methodologies. Unlike many historical accounts, this book adopts a reverse chronological sequence – starting with the phonology of Modern Mandarin and modern Chinese dialects, then looking back on Early Mandarin and Middle Chinese, and ultimately ending with Old Chinese phonology. This arrangement makes the book reasonably approachable to both professionals and general readers, building up knowledge along an ascending order of difficulty, from familiar, observable facts to theoretical, speculative hypotheses. Based on the extant studies and two essential types of rhyme materials, the book reconstructs the speech sounds of Middle and Old Chinese, in terms of initials, finals and tones. It also analyses the transition and evolution of phonological systems of the Chinese language in different periods. Marking the beginning of historical Chinese phonological studies and drawing on modern Western linguistics, this book will serve as an essential read for students and researchers of Chinese language, Chinese linguistics and especially historical Chinese phonology.
Focusing on the special forms and Europeanized grammar of modern Chinese, this is the final volume of a classic on modern Chinese grammar by WANG Li, one of the most distinguished Chinese linguists. This volume deals with the special forms in modern Chinese grammar, covering topics such as 1) reduplicated syllable, reduplicated words and opposite term, 2) incorporation, combination and idiom, 3) onomatopoeia and scene-painting, 4) repetition, 5) continuation and omission, 6) inversion and parenthesis and 7) interjection. The latter part of the volume concentrates on the changes in modern Chinese grammar resulting from the influence of Western languages, with the following aspects of Europeanized grammar being explored: 1) the coinage of disyllabic words, 2) the increase of subjects and copulas, 3) the extension of sentence lengths, 4) the Europeanization of potential forms, passive forms, markers and connective constituents and 5) new methods of substitution and numeration. Including a wide variety of examples and analyses, this book is a must-read for Chinese language learners, as well as researchers and students studying Chinese linguistics and modern Chinese grammar.
Focusing on substitution and numeration of modern Chinese, this is the third volume of a classic on modern Chinese grammar by WANG Li, one of the most distinguished Chinese linguists. In this volume, the author first introduces the different types of pronoun, such as personal pronoun, indefinite pronoun, resumptive pronoun, demonstrative pronoun and interrogative pronoun. Methods of numeration in modern Chinese are then delineated, encompassing such perspectives as cardinal number, ordinal number and numeration system of person, thing and behavior. Including a wide variety of examples and analyses, this book is a must-read for Chinese language learners, as well as researchers and students studying Chinese linguistics and modern Chinese grammar.
This book presents a complementary study of lexicalist approaches and constructionist approaches in linguistics. Specific topics discussed include different versions of semantic roles, predicate decomposition, event structures, argument realizations, and cognitive construction grammars. For decades, the relationship between certain concepts and constructions along with related issues of verb-construction associations have been perennially taxing for both lexicalist and constructionist approaches alike. Indeed, in Chinese, unmatched verb-construction associations and the much richer alternate realizations pose very difficult problems. Based on a comparative study, the authors make an attempt to account for the possible correspondence between the delicacy of argument setting and the principles of their realization. They also account for the integration of construction with verbs in terms of their coherent conceptual content. The resultant newly developed model throws new light on these thorny Chinese problems. The book will appeal to scholars and students studying cognitive linguistics, cognitive semantics, computational linguistics, and also natural language processing. The book also brings up some new analysis of Chinese data for both researchers and learners of Modern Chinese.