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Reflecting the changes to the all-important short circuit calculations in three-phase power systems according to IEC 60909-0 standard, this new edition of the practical guide retains its proven and unique concept of explanations, calculations and real-life examples of short circuits in electrical networks. It has also been completely revised and expanded by 20% to include the standard-compliant prevention of short circuits in electrical networks for photovoltaics and wind energy. By understanding the theory any software allows users to perform all the necessary calculations with ease so they can work on the design and application of low- and high-voltage power systems. This book is a practitioner's guide intended for students, electrical engineers, engineers in power technology, the electrotechnical industry, engineering consultants, energy suppliers, chemical engineers and physicists in industry.
In this book, the processes that determine the waveforms and magnitudes of short-circuit currents are described. The deviation of the formulae required for calculation in the short-circuit categories indicated in the VDE 0102 recommendations is explained with the aid of symmetrical components. The relationships that enable the system impedances to be determined from the parameters of the components of the system, and the resulting short-circuit impedance of the network, are adduced. Some representative examples demonstrate the practical application of short-circuit calculations. Typical characteristic data for system components are presented in curves and in tables. The book concludes with a reference to the use of digital simulation methods in short-circuit studies."
Short-circuit Currents gives an overview of the components within power systems with respect to the parameters needed for short-circuit current calculation.
This recommended practice provides short-circuit current information including calculated short-circuit current duties for the application in industrial plants and commercial buildings, at all power system voltages, of power system equipment that senses, carries, or interrupts short-circuit currents.
Switching in Electrical Transmission and Distribution Systems presents the issues and technological solutions associated with switching in power systems, from medium to ultra-high voltage. The book systematically discusses the electrical aspects of switching, details the way load and fault currents are interrupted, the impact of fault currents, and compares switching equipment in particular circuit-breakers. The authors also explain all examples of practical switching phenomena by examining real measurements from switching tests. Other highlights include: up to date commentary on new developments in transmission and distribution technology such as ultra-high voltage systems, vacuum switchgear for high-voltage, generator circuit-breakers, distributed generation, DC-interruption, aspects of cable systems, disconnector switching, very fast transients, and circuit-breaker reliability studies. Key features: Summarises the issues and technological solutions associated with the switching of currents in transmission and distribution systems. Introduces and explains recent developments such as vacuum switchgear for transmission systems, SF6 environmental consequences and alternatives, and circuit-breaker testing. Provides practical guidance on how to deal with unacceptable switching transients. Details the worldwide IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standards on switching equipment, illustrating current circuit-breaker applications. Features many figures and tables originating from full-power tests and established training courses, or from measurements in real networks. Focuses on practical and application issues relevant to practicing engineers. Essential reading for electrical engineers, utility engineers, power system application engineers, consultants and power systems asset managers, postgraduates and final year power system undergraduates.
When planning an industrial power supply plant, the specific requirements of the individual production process are decisive for the design and mode of operation of the network and for the selection and design and ratings of the operational equipment. Since the actual technical risks are often hidden in the profound and complex planning task, planning decisions should be taken after responsible and careful consideration because of their deep effects on supply quality and energy efficiency. This book is intended for engineers and technicians of the energy industry, industrial companies and planning departments. It provides basic technical network and plant knowledge on planning, installation and operation of reliable and economic industrial networks. In addition, it facilitates training for students and graduates in this field. In an easy and comprehensible way, this book informs about solution competency gained in many years of experience. Moreover, it also offers planning recommendations and knowledge on standards and specifications, the use of which ensures that technical risks are avoided and that production and industrial processes can be carried out efficiently, reliably and with the highest quality.
This book aims to provide insights on new trends in power systems operation and control and to present, in detail, analysis methods of the power system behavior (mainly its dynamics) as well as the mathematical models for the main components of power plants and the control systems implemented in dispatch centers. Particularly, evaluation methods for rotor angle stability and voltage stability as well as control mechanism of the frequency and voltage are described. Illustrative examples and graphical representations help readers across many disciplines acquire ample knowledge on the respective subjects.
First introduced in 2001, Kersting’s Distribution System Modeling and Analysis is the only textbook on computational modeling for electric power distribution systems. Computer models are only as good as their input, and this intuitive work clearly explains the principles and mathematics behind these models and provides approximation methods that help students recognize when a result is not what it should be. Using the same authoritative yet accessible approach, this second edition was updated to reflect the changes and advances in the field since the first edition appeared. Nearly every chapter of this book has been updated according to new trends and areas of interest, new technologies, and the increasing spread of distributed generation. Most notably, this edition features a new chapter on the center-tapped transformer for providing three-wire service to single-phase customers. New discussions consider the effects of mutual coupling between overhead and underground lines running parallel for long distances, expand on the discussion of induction machines to consider the rotor circuit, and examine the effects of distributed generation technologies such as windmills on feeders. Illustrated with numerous figures, examples, and exercises, Distribution System Modeling and Analysis, Second Edition remains the definitive textbook for teaching students to understand and model all aspects of modern distribution systems.
Describing in detail how electrical power systems are planned and designed, this monograph illustrates the required structures of systems, substations and equipment using international standards and latest computer methods. The book discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different arrangements within switchyards and of the topologies of the power systems, describing methods to determine the main design parameters of cables, overhead lines, and transformers needed to realize the supply task, as well as the influence of environmental conditions on the design and the permissible loading of the equipment. Additionally, general requirements for protection schemes and the main schemes related to the various protection tasks are given. With its focus on the requirements and procedures of tendering and project contracting, this book enables the reader to adapt the basics of power systems and equipment design to special tasks and engineering projects.