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This dissertation posits three main hypotheses: (1) violence exposure during adolescence will be associated with increased risky sexual behaviors among low-income, urban, African-American adolescent females; (2) having a positive maternal relationship will reduce these females’ risk of engaging in risky sexual behaviors; and (3) positive maternal relationships will moderate the association between violence exposure during adolescence and risky sexual behavior among low-income, urban, African-American adolescent females.
The enjoyment of physical contact and expressions of sexual feelings are normal experiences of adolescent development but have also been related to negative health consequences, with a higher prevalence among African Americans. Research has focused on reducing behaviors such as sexual activity among adolescents to avoid related health consequences but often fail to address the parental factor. A few studies on parental factors have noted that parent-child communication and parental monitoring are important influencers of adolescent sexual behavior. They also noted that mothers are the main communicators on topics of sex while fathers communicate about general topics. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of mother-child communication and maternal monitoring on sexual behavior among African American high school students. Secondary data analysis was conducted on a cross-sectional sample of 424 adolescents between 14 and 17 years of age who participated in the Family Adolescent Risk Behavior and Communication Survey. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses and multiple regressions were conducted in order to draw conclusions about the influence of main predictors on outcome variables. The statistical significance for analyses was determined at a level of 0.05 alpha. In this study sample, 209 students had engaged in sexual intercourse, 125 students anticipated sexual intercourse in the next year, and 90 students reported to delay sexual intercourse in the next year. The results from multiple regression analyses showed that when different levels of African American adolescent sexual experience are considered (beyond the traditional sexually active/not sexually active dichotomy), the role of mother-child communication and maternal monitoring are not strong based on the three specific hypotheses that were tested. Results suggested that future studies may benefit from a longitudinal rather than a cross sectional design. The study concluded that the nurturing role of mothers can be greatly enhanced when they learn the appropriate skills to guide their adolescents on the path to adulthood with relevant tools to make healthy decisions.-- Abstract.
Adolescent risky sexual behaviors such as early sexual debut, low rates of condom use, and high rates of partner change are associated with a number of negative health and social outcomes including contracting sexual transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. Utilizing a sample of 529 African American adolescents, this study examines the contributions of parenting behaviors and family structure as factors associated with engagement in risky sexual behavior. Participants reported few differences in mother's parenting across family structures. While fathers and relatives provided greater responsiveness on average than stepfathers. Variation in parenting fully explained differences in risky sexual behavior for males. Yet family structure differences persisted for females, with females in mother step-father homes continually engaging in greater mean risky sexual behavior than those in mother-father households even after accounting for parental responsiveness and demandingness. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
HIV/AIDS continues to be one of the leading causes of death for African Americans. The African-American rate of HIV/AIDS infection is six times higher than that for Caucasians (CDC, 2006). Not only has an HIV/AIDS impacted African American adult, but African-American youth are also disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS (CDC, HIV/AIDS among Youth: Fact Sheet, 2006). Compared to other youth, new infection rates for African American adolescent HIV incidence have remained steady; not resulting in a decrease despite over twenty years of prevention education and intervention. As the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to devastate the African American community increases in sustainable community prevention interventions that address racial, cultural, age, and gender specific differences are sorely needed. This research study of the Risk Reduction Project examined the role that single parenting plays on the HIV/AIDS sexual behaviors of African American youth residing in a Midwest community. Overall, the results from this study indicate that the theory of reasoned action was effective in predicting sexual behavior, however, gender differences existed. Despite reporting greater levels of sexual activity and condom use, male participant sexual intentions and behaviors were found to be more positively impacted by parent subjective norms than female participants. Female sexual intentions, on the other hand, were negatively impacted by parent subjective norms. For participants residing in single mother households, males were found to be significantly impacted by mother referent subjective norm while females were negatively impacted.
African American (AA) adolescents are currently at disproportionate risk for HIV infection, with AA youth ages 13 through 19 accounting for 56% of all new HIV cases, a rate of infection 8 times that of Caucasian youth. Prevention researchers have targeted this population with a sense of urgency, resulting in numerous studies that have investigated predictors of sexual risk behaviors among AA youth. The results of these studies have yielded findings in a number of domains including environmental, individual, and interpersonal factors. However, reported findings are often inconsistent and synthesis of findings in this area is lagging. The present study synthesized data from 79 studies examining 11 domains of variables in association with 3 outcome variables: Unprotected Sex, Condom Use, and Multiple Sex partners. Intentions and partner variables were most predictive of sexual risk behaviors in this population. Further research is needed to investigate the role of partner-related influences in predicting sexual risk behaviors.