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Selected for inclusion in this book is material on stress, coping and health that is considered to be the most thoroughly developed and studied within the nursing perspective. There is a balance between theoretical development, research, measurement and implications for practice.
Dr Amrit Rattan K Baidwan- Macfarland presents three essays, the first is on Jurisprudence, entitled; what the law is and what the law ought to be. The complex nature of Jurisprudence based on the original natural justice theory, is examined as well as other theories, which have since been postulated by contemporary jurists. Supreme court decisions are cited to elucidate how natural justice principles engage modern cases today. The second part explores the concepts contained within the original Sanskrit Indian Arthashastra document on diplomacy, used for governance and international affairs, by two of the most famous emperors of India, Chandragupta Maurya, and his successor Ashoka. Finally, the contemporary debate on Israel, Palestine, Syria, Golan Heights, and Jerusalem is presented using key knowledge and contemporary concepts, established by historians and International relations academics. Dr Amrit Rattan K Baidwan-Macfarland – studied public law and governance, international relations, as part of her legal studies. She is a qualified scientist-Jurist- Lawyer, with an interest in public law and foreign affairs and trained in criminal litigation, human rights with her law firms in Scotland, and did a short secondment to India shadowing members of the Attorney General’s department and gaining insights into commonwealth legal systems. She also undertook the study of American legal subjects involving comparative analysis, between two jurisdictions, Scots and American. She gained deep insights in theoretical and pragmatic foreign policy, relations, and affairs, from her academic engagements, with the universities in Scotland, as well as universities in Washington, USA. She enjoyed her research in conflict studies, peace, and security as part of the contemporary living history modules. Through these subjects, the evolving character of global and supra national institutions could be gleaned, as well as the interpretation of civic societies and international diplomacy, exploration of juristic constitutionalism at national and international levels, peace, conflict and the role of religious principles in the Arabian peninsula. AUTHORHOUSE - ACADEMIC PRESS
A seminal and novel finding in a scientific study of Dr Amrit Rattan K Baidwan MacFarland (Amrit K Macfarland), as Senior Scientist/ Molecular Geneticist, resulted in the discovery of key signalling pathways in chondrocytes (cartilage explants) in response to cyclic and static loading of connective tissues. The work was presented as a first proof in multiple peer reviewed international conferences, in the United Kingdom, United States, most of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. The pre-requisite for planning new and novel research experiments and coping with future trends in science is a thorough analysis of the present state of knowledge and in finding new ways of thinking and planning. On this basis, new research hypotheses and strategies will have to be built. This book aims to present a short review of key concepts around Dr MacFarland’s research experiments on signal transduction in diverse systems, such as cancer blood brain barrier studies, coronary heart disease, mechanotranduction mechanisms in connective tissues mainly articular cartilage and meniscus with special attention paid to the reactions of these two tissues, as responses in vitro loading model regimens. The current interest in loading stems from how little we know of the aetiology of osteoarthritis a degenerative joint disease, the most crippling of musculoskeletal disorder and diseases. Signal transduction mechanisms are also examined in endothelial and smooth muscle and the role of cholesterol ester transfer protein in coronary heart disease. The object of Dr MacFarland’s scientific and medical research in signal transduction is ambitious, as both scientific research leading to therapeutic remedies needed high ideals setting goals; to give novel relevant results as was the case of the discovery of the first signalling molecule in her research in a unique biological system, as well as the response of connective tissue cells to mechanical stimulus. Therefore, far off as it may be, the prevention of diseases must be the ultimate objective and the overwhelming character of the problems, compels scientists in specific in the age of nano technology to seek cures and create the means of prevention of the disease. Aspects of her studies show the relevance in high impact sports injuries and daily working conditions, whether they degrade or maintain the health of joints in general, and benefit or harm joints and health. AUTHORHOUSE – ACADEMIC PRESS
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
The discipline of neuroimmunomodulation is devoted to interactions between the immune nervous systems at all levels and includes observation on brain, pituitary, peripheral nervous system and immune cells. Nitric oxide synthase is contained within neurons in the brain and modifies behavioural and hormonal responses by acting on other neurons and on release of peptides and other transmitters through activation of guanylate cyclase and cyclooxygenase. Increases in this and in expression of proinflammatory cytokines can contribute to damage in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinsonism, meningitis, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease.