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Sensory Mechanisms
Many advances have been made in the last decade in the understanding of the computational principles underlying olfactory system functioning. Neuromorphic Olfaction is a collaboration among European researchers who, through NEUROCHEM (Fp7-Grant Agreement Number 216916)-a challenging and innovative European-funded project-introduce novel computing p
Retinal Computation summarizes current progress in defining the computations performed by the retina, also including the synaptic and circuit mechanisms by which they are implemented. Each chapter focuses on a single retinal computation that includes the definition of the computation and its neuroethological purpose, along with the available information on its known and unknown neuronal mechanisms. All chapters contain end-of-chapter questions associated with a landmark paper, as well as programming exercises. This book is written for advanced graduate students, researchers and ophthalmologists interested in vision science or computational neuroscience of sensory systems. While the typical textbook's description of the retina is akin to a biological video camera, the real retina is actually the world's most complex image processing machine. As part of the central nervous system, the retina converts patterns of light at the input into a rich palette of representations at the output. The parallel streams of information in the optic nerve encode features like color, contrast, orientation of edges, and direction of motion. Image processing in the retina is undeniably complex, but as one of the most accessible parts of the central nervous system, the tools to study retinal circuits with unprecedented precision are up to the task. This book provides a practical guide and resource about the current state of the field of retinal computation. Editorial Reviews: ".this book is also a unique overview of our current understanding of the why and the how of retinal computation and there is something here for anyone with a grounding in vision science who recognises that there is more to what the retina does than. meets the eye." -- Prof Steven Dakin, New Zealand Optics, May 28, 2022. "I want to commend Dr. Schwartz for assembling this incredible resource and strongly recommend Retinal Computation to everyone who is a student of vision. The vast majority of modern topics in retina are covered yet in a fashion that is clear, and concise. The book covers the cellular and circuit basis of computations ranging from those covered by most textbooks, such as center-surround receptive field or direction selectivity , to those you probably do not associated with the retina such as "motion anticipation" and "threat detection". Each chapter is self-contained, meaning you can easily "pick and choose" the topics. A quick perusal of the chapter titles are almost certainly going to pique your interest. For example, you may know that the retina has single photon sensitivity but do you know "How many photons does it take to create a percept"? (Chapter 1). How does the retina encode texture (i.e. spatial fluctuations within the receptive field)? (Chapter 7). Is object motion sensitivity related to Direction selectivity? (Chapter 12). The list goes on. This book will also serve as a great resource for those teaching advanced undergraduate or graduate level vision courses for students with backgrounds in experimental or computational vision science. Each chapter contains what Dr. Schwartz's considers a "landmark paper" in the field, with a set of questions that can be used as a guide for reading these papers. And finally he includes programming exercises that can be easily implemented in Matlab to address basic concepts introduced in the chapter. The instructions are detailed so that even those new to Matlab will be able to implement these exercises these straightforward. It is this combination - textbook chapter + primary literature + quantitative exercises that will solidify these concepts. There are many vision science topics not covered in the book. For example, there is little on retinal disease or development. But these limitations are far outweighed by where the book succeeds. The vast majority of the book is written by Dr. Schwartz, giving it a uniformity that is welcome. Despite tackling quite modern questions where there is ongoing progress, Dr.Schwartz has extracted what are key findings that are likely to stand the test of time. And finally, it is really interesting! For those who think that the retina is "solved", think again. Retinal computations is a fantastic way for all circuit neuroscientist to learn how much computations can be achieved with very few synapses." -- Marla B. Feller, Ph. D., Paul Licht Distinguished Professor in Biological Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology & Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California, Berkeley "This fantastic new textbook from a rising star in the field clearly and thoroughly updates our picture of what the retina computes. It is detailed enough for senior researchers but also pedagogical, providing a go-to reference for students. The illustrations within the text and for the chapter headings are both beautiful and informative." -- Stephanie E. Palmer, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, Department of Physics, University of Chicago "This book summarizes the impressive recent progress in understanding how visual computations are performed by retinal circuits. The book is an important resource not only for retinal experts, but more generally for anyone seeking to explain how the brain works at the level of neural circuits. Greg Schwartz and his co-authors have made a major contribution to the field." -- Sebastian Seung, Anthony B. Evnin '62 Professor, Neuroscience Institute and Computer Science Dept., Princeton University "This is a wonderful book from a true expert in the retina field. It is a fantastic resource for researchers, lecturers, and students alike. The book nicely covers the many facets of how the retina processes the visual input that enters the eye. Despite the richness in material, the presentation manages to stay accessible and always connects back to fundamental questions of visual processing. Each chapter by itself is a great entry point into a particular area of how the neural network of the retina deals with a specific set of visual challenges. I have thoroughly enjoyed this wonderful overview of retinal computation, served on a silver platter, and I will use the book both as background material for research and as a resource for teaching. I particularly like the sets of exercises that conclude each chapter." -- Dr. Tim Gollisch, Professor for Sensory Processing in the Retina, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen
This book reveals not only how the eye evolved into an organ of vision, but also describes how molecular mechanisms of key molecules operate in the phototransduction cascade. In this groundbreaking text, experts also explain mechanisms for sensing radiation outside of the visible wavelengths. Comprehensive and penetrating, the book brings together the mechanisms of the visual transduction cascade and is an invaluable text for everyone conducting research in the visual system.
This book takes a clinical approach to the patient with a genetic disease that affects the eye. The chapters on particular types of diseases follow the same organizational format, covering history, pathogenesis and etiology, epidemiology, classification, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, and treatment. The recent progress achieved in the molecular genetics of eye disease is fully reflected throughout the book. It is written by leading experts in the field and provides clinical, molecular genetic and management information on common and rare diseases. The chapters are heavily illustrated and provide a good Atlas for the practicing ophthalmologist or geneticist.
Conn's Translational Neuroscience provides a comprehensive overview reflecting the depth and breadth of the field of translational neuroscience, with input from a distinguished panel of basic and clinical investigators. Progress has continued in understanding the brain at the molecular, anatomic, and physiological levels in the years following the 'Decade of the Brain,' with the results providing insight into the underlying basis of many neurological disease processes. This book alternates scientific and clinical chapters that explain the basic science underlying neurological processes and then relates that science to the understanding of neurological disorders and their treatment. Chapters cover disorders of the spinal cord, neuronal migration, the autonomic nervous system, the limbic system, ocular motility, and the basal ganglia, as well as demyelinating disorders, stroke, dementia and abnormalities of cognition, congenital chromosomal and genetic abnormalities, Parkinson's disease, nerve trauma, peripheral neuropathy, aphasias, sleep disorders, and myasthenia gravis. In addition to concise summaries of the most recent biochemical, physiological, anatomical, and behavioral advances, the chapters summarize current findings on neuronal gene expression and protein synthesis at the molecular level. Authoritative and comprehensive, Conn's Translational Neuroscience provides a fully up-to-date and readily accessible guide to brain functions at the cellular and molecular level, as well as a clear demonstration of their emerging diagnostic and therapeutic importance. - Provides a fully up-to-date and readily accessible guide to brain functions at the cellular and molecular level, while also clearly demonstrating their emerging diagnostic and therapeutic importance - Features contributions from leading global basic and clinical investigators in the field - Provides a great resource for researchers and practitioners interested in the basic science underlying neurological processes - Relates and translates the current science to the understanding of neurological disorders and their treatment