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Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) generated from adsorption of the single-chained cholesterol-based and unsymmetrical double-chained cholesterol-based thiols on gold substrates were examined. The single-chained cholesterol-based thiols have a thiol headgroup, hydrocarbon spacer consisting of 3 – 12 methylene units, and a cholesterol tailgroup. The double-chained cholesterol-based thiols consist of a thiol headgroup and two tailgroups: an alkyl chain and a cholesterol-based moiety. Two series of single-component SAMs were formed from the cholesterol-based thiols. Analysis of the pure SAM shows that the added methylene spacer for the single-chained thiols allows for the formation of a better monolayer than that formed from thiocholesterol. The pure SAMs formed from the double-chained cholesterol-based thiols also produce a monolayer that is denser than the SAM generated from thiocholesterol, with interfacial properties resembling a SAM formed from normal alkanethiols. A series of binary SAMs generated from the single-chained cholesterol-based thiols and n-octadecanethiol exhibit properties of the cholesterol condensing effect. The SAMs were characterized using ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Overall, these cholesterol-based adsorbates were used to generate dense monolayers despite a mixed composition of cholesterol moieties and trans-extended alkyl chains. The cholesterol condensing effect was observed in self-assembled monolayers for the first time.
Nanoanalytics is a novel branch of analytical chemistry which explores applications of nanotechnologies in chemical analysis. This comprehensive publication gives an overview of the analytical techniques used to study nanoobjects and nanoparticles as well as the application of nanomaterials themselves in the development of new methods of analysis. The authors also address important metrology aspects and give future prospects of the area.
The present book aims at providing the readers with some of the most recent development of new and advanced materials and their applications as nanosensors. Examples of such materials are ferrocene and cyclodextrines as mediators, ionic liquid crystals, self-assembled monolayers on macro/ nano-structures, perovskite nanomaterials and functionalized carbon materials. The emphasis of the book is devoted to the difference in properties and its relation to the mechanism of detection and specificity.The chapters of this book present the usage of robust, small, sensitive and reliable sensors that take advantage of the growing interest in nano-structures. Different chemical species are taken as good example of the determination of different chemical substances industrially, medically and environmentally.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Immobilized Biocatalysts" that was published in Catalysts
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