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This volume examines the impact that the financing and administration systems of labor market policy have on the design of national policies concerning the unemployed. The authors investigated labor market policy in six countries--Austria, France, Federal Republic of Germany. Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States--and determined that the distribution of responsibility for labor market programs, the financing of these programs, and the procedures for determining issues and expenditures differ markedly from country to country. The authors explore how the same economic causes--price changes, technological rationalization, new products--can have very different labor market effects because of institutional factors, such as the job-search behavior of the unemployed, the mobility of the employed, the hiring practices of firms, wage negotiations between trade unions and employers, and the employment policies of different levels of government and their impact on the behavior of labor market forces. Unemployment Insurance and Active Labor Market Policy answers the questions: how much public funding do the unemployed receive in wage-replacement benefits and for how long; how much public funding is devoted for manpower programs and invested in "active" labor market policy; and finally, how are the necessary financial resources made available? In summary, the book investigates the relationship between the financing system and revenues and expenditures for labor market policy, the role played by market policy in employment policy as a whole, and the impact of the financing system for labor market policy on the classical goals of the welfare state. The findings of this comprehensive study should contribute to the redeployment of financial resources from those funds currently being used to finance unemployment (unemployment benefits, unemployment assistance, and public assistance) to financing employment.
Publishes in-depth articles on labor subjects, current labor statistics, information about current labor contracts, and book reviews.
. . . the book can be recommended to all with an interest in the issue of older workers in a globalised world. Ageing and Society Early retirement has been a policy to cope with the problems of massive unemployment in many Western welfare states. However, it has become apparent that this strategy is costly and destroys human capital urgently needed in ageing societies. This book offers a comprehensive and up-to-date study of late-career patterns and processes of early retirement in fourteen OECD countries, using both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. It is an important contribution to life-course research and will provide the foundation for any serious discussion on pension reforms and increasing the employability of older workers. Hans-Jürgen Andreß, University of Cologne, Germany This timely book investigates the growth of the early retirement trend and its varying spread among different groups of older workers in fourteen modern societies. It argues for a differentiated political approach to reverse early retirement, which relies on both pension and employability policies for older workers. Examining the early retirement trend virtually all modern societies have been faced with since the onset of the globalization process in the 1970s and 1980s, this book provides a thorough analysis of older workers late careers and their retirement transitions, as well as explaining why this trend has developed differently between nations. To promote an effective reversal of the early retirement trend, national policymakers are advised not to concentrate their efforts exclusively on reducing the financial incentives for an early exit still present in most national pension systems. In addition, it is also recommended that they invest in the employability of older workers, implying a thorough reconsideration of the design of education and labor market policies. Dirk Hofäcker presents a unique and comprehensive synthesis of theories describing and explaining the trend towards early retirement, and critically discusses their comparative advantages and shortcomings. Researchers and students of sociology, economics, gerontology, demography and comparative welfare states should not be without this book and policymakers and practitioners dealing with labor market policies will find it invaluable.
This paper discusses theoretical aspects and evidences related to designing labor market institutions in emerging market and developing economies. This note reviews the state of theory and evidence on the design of labor market institutions in a developing economy context and then reviews its consistency with actual labor market advice in a selected set of emerging and developing economies. The focus is mainly on three broad sets of institutions that matter for both workers’ protection and labor market efficiency: employment protection, unemployment insurance and social assistance, minimum wages and collective bargaining. Text mining techniques are used to identify IMF recommendations in these areas in Article IV Reports for 30 emerging and frontier economies over 2005–2016. This note has provided a critical review of the literature on the design of labor market institutions in emerging and developing market economies, and benchmarked the advice featured in IMF recommendations for 30 emerging market and frontier economies against the tentative conclusions from the literature.