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Freeze-up at Alert, Eureka, Isachsen, Mould Bay, and Resolute in the Canadian Arctic was observed to occur any time between the last week in August and the last week in September. A mathematical relationship between air temperature and sea-ice formation provided a favorable method for predicting the date of freeze-up at these stations. The maximum seasonal growth of sea ice, 269 cm, was measured at Isachsen; the minimum, 149 cm, was measured at Resolute. These values are based on measurements made at the five stations in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago having a total of 35 station years of record. Equations to predict the growth of sea ice by increments were derived empirically from the observations made at these locations. A separate term is introduced in the equations to take account of the effects of snow-cover depths on ice growth. To apply the formulas only air-temperature and snow-depth data are required. The study disclosed good correlation between air temperature and decrease in sea-ice thickness at the Arctic stations. The relationship was found to be: h = 0.55 sigma theta where h = decrease in ice thickness (cm) and sigma theta = accumulated degree days (above -1.8C). (Author).
Doctoral thesis. Large-scale reductions in ice concentration appear to be common in the Canadian Arctic basin. The development of these features, which may have some important climatic and oceanographic implications, can often be explained from simple dynamical considerations.
Considering the recent losses observed in Arctic sea-ice and the anticipatedfuture warming due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, sea-ice retreat in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) is expected. As most global climate models do not resolve the CAA region, a fine-resolution regional model is developed to provide a sense of possiblechanges in the CAA sea-ice. This ice-ocean coupled model is forced withatmospheric data for two time-periods. Results from a historical run (1950-2004)are used to validate the model. The model does well in representing observedsea-ice spatial and seasonal variability, but tends to underestimate summertimeice cover. In the future run (2041-2060), wintertime ice concentrations changelittle, but the summertime ice concentrations decrease by 45%. The icethickness also decreases, by 17% in the winter, and by 36% in summer. Based on this study, a completely ice-free CAA is unlikely by the year 2050,but the region could support some commercial shipping.