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On Ayurvedic system in Indic medicine.
Only a few years ago the endocannabinoid system was unknown. Today we are aware that endocannabinoids are involved in many of the functions of the mammalian body - in neuroprotection, appetite and suckling, pain, reproduction, anxiety, memory, bone formation etc. This volume presents an up-to-date picture of some of the major fields of endocannabinoid research. It summarizes the actions of the endocannabinoids on various physiological systems and opens new therapeutic windows to a large number of diseases. The first chapter, on the use of Cannabis in India, can be viewed as an expression of thanks to the herbal practitioners, who for centuries passed on the medical traditions associated with the drug. The chapter on chemistry is a short summary of active plant, synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids being investigated today, many of which are mentioned later in the book. Cannabidiol is an unusual cannabinoid - it does not bind to the known receptors and yet exerts a variety of effects. Hence a chapter is devoted to it. Further chapters deal with the endocannabinoid system and the endocannabinoids in a variety of conditions and physiological systems. The concluding chapter describes the research done on Sativex®, a standardized plant extract, shortly to be introduced in Canada as a drug for multiple sclerosis. The intended audience is drug researchers (medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, clinicians), neuroscientists, physiologists, and clinicians interested in the effect of the endocannabinoid system in various physiological systems.
Chromic acid and chromium oxide are the two versatile Cr(VI) oxidants known to organic chemists for decades. The introduction of the Core's reagent , viz: pyridinium chlorochromate, in 1975 followed by the publications on several Cr(VI) oxidizing agents containing the -onium chromates and halochromates in the last three decades have very much changed the chemistry of oxidations with Chromium VI. Several of these new reagents have been shown to be mild so that they can be handled easily and the reacton products may also be controlled. Some of them are highly selective oxidants for positions like allylic hydroxylic group, etc., and some other are highly regioselective. The information on more than 36 such reagents reported in various internationally reputed journals spanning about 280 references have been collected and provided in this book in such a manner that it will be very useful for professionals, researchers, teachers and graduate students working in organic synthesis.
A new comprehensive book on the history of medicine.
This is a book about the dai, or traditional birth practitioner, and her place in the emerging therapeutic domain in colonial and contemporary India. The book employs a caste-informed feminist reading of the colonial archive against the grain and explores papers by Englishwomen physicians, texts of indigenous medicine and practitioner accounts, administrative documents, public commentaries, and legislative assembly debates from the 19th and early 20th centuries. It also examines contemporary healthcare policy discourse. Using these methodologies, the author traces the production of the dai as an unsanitary, unskilled indigenous figure in colonial and nationalist accounts. The book goes on to examine the workings of gender and caste in the setting up of this figure, at first for containment and then for removal from institutionalized healthcare – an exercise that is more or less completed in the present. The author argues that this exercise is part of the refashioning of the indigenous, and of indigenous medicine, throughout this period, into a highly codified domain that centres caste privilege and is supported by global capital networks. In such a refashioning, the dai figure is rendered remote not only from the centre of the healthcare apparatus but also from the centre of the contemporary nation. This genealogical tracing of indigenous medicine in Indian contexts, rather than separate histories, is also useful to understand better what is termed the healthcare assemblage today, and this book provides a ground on which this can be done.
The term "pharmacognosy" comes from Greek words for "drug" ("pharmakon") and "knowledge" ("gnosis"), and it refers to the study of crude medications of the plant as well as the animal origin, in addition to their authentication and the quality control depending on macroscopic & microscopic studies of the crude drugs. Analecta Pharmacognostica, written by Seydler in 1815, is credited with popularising the word "pharmacognosy," which had been used by Schmidt, an Austrian physician, in the year 1811. Since its inception some 200 years ago, Pharmacognosy has developed and expanded in the same way that any other branch of science would. Today, it is understood to be the study of biogenic or naturally derived poisons, pharmaceuticals, and other drugs, and it makes use of a wide range of cutting-edge analytical methods for ensuring the authenticity and quality of everything from crude drugs to purifying the active fractions, extracts, components, and sometimes even medicinal foods. The practise of using medicinal plants to create pharmaceuticals has evolved throughout time, with pharmacognosy keeping pace by focusing on the identification, isolation, and evaluation of the bioactivity of active chemicals in drug discovery rather than the creation iv of crude pharmaceuticals. According to the "American Society of Pharmacognosy", "Pharmacognosy" is "the study of the chemical, biochemical, physical, and biological aspects of medications, drug substances, or prospective drugs or the drug substances of the natural origin, and the search for novel pharmaceuticals from natural sources." These days, pharmacologists investigate natural compounds found in a wide range of creatures, not only plants.
Embark on a journey into the captivating world of alkaloids with this book, a thorough guide that explores the most used alkaloid plants, alongside those sourced from animals and marine life. Perfect for students of plant chemistry, herbs, and natural products, this book is crafted to present complex information with simplicity and clarity. Both students and researchers will find it an indispensable reference, providing deep insights into the chemistry and diverse applications of alkaloids. Uncover the intricate science of these natural compounds and expand your knowledge with this essential guide.
People have always smoked, and they probably always will. Every culture in recorded history has smoked something, whether for pleasure or relief, whether as part of an elaborate religious ritual or merely to strike a pose. This is the first truly comprehensive history of smoking, describinbg all of its forms, practices, paraphernalia and materials, in cultures, locations and times throughout the world.
Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry This comprehensive textbook is primarily aimed at the course requirements of the B. Pharm. students. This book is specially designed to impart knowledge alternative systems of medicine as well as modern pharmacognosy. It would also serve as a valuable resource of information to other allied botanical and alternative healthcare science students as well as researchers and industrialists working in the field of herbal technology. Only Textbook Offering... Recent data on trade of Indian medicinal plants (till 2008) Illustrated biosynthetic pathways of metabolites as well as extraction and isolation methodologies of medicinal compounds Bioactivity determination and synthesis of herbal products of human interest Information on Ayurvedic plants and Chinese system of medicine Simple narrative text that will help the students quickly understand important concepts Over 300 illustrations and 120 tables in order to help students memorize and recall vital concepts making this book a student’s companion cum teacher A must buy for every student of pharmacognosy!