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This book, by Alan A. Tait, is an examination of VAT. It looks at problems and theoretical options and potential impacts, as well as detailing the practical aspects of implementing new tax structures. The author advances arguments for and against alternative policies and illustrates his study with international examples from Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Pacific. He suggests that countries can learn from each other's experiencees with VAT.
This work is part of the Integrating National Economies series.
"Mr. Ken Messere has produced a valuable guide on tax policies in the main western industrial countries. ... He provides a mine of information about where governments have gone wrong & gives valuable clues as to what they should & should not do." Financial Times, 19 July 1993 In this wide-ranging book, Ken Messere, for twenty years head of the OECD's Fiscal Affairs Division, analyses the domestic tax policy choices of OECD governments over three decades. With unique insight, & drawing on 30 years' top-level experience in matters of tax policy, he illuminates complex issues involved in designing different types of taxes & in maintaining or reforming existing tax levels & structures. This publication is the first to expose country practices & the reasoning behind government decisions on tax & is the first to collate & condense almost 30 years of OECD reports into a single, convenient reference source. The first part of the book comprises a detailed assessment of tax developments in OECD countries between 1965 & 1992, reviewing past reforms & suggesting future practice. The two great waves of tax reform since the 1960s - the shift to VAT & the slashing of personal & corporate tax rates (accompanied by a widening of the corporate base) - are both covered in depth. The book moves on to explore analytical & policy issues, ranging from the relationships between taxation & savings behaviour to irrationalities in tax policy. The third part of the book is devoted to an examination of policy, legal, administrative & technical issues faced by governments in designing or reforming particular taxes, including personal income tax, net wealth & other individual taxes, as well as corporate taxes; in each case, taxes are surveyed across the OECD & Mr. Messere's propositions are backed up by over 100 comparative statistical tables & charts. The detailed factual background, combined with thought-provoking ideas, succinct, lucid writing & full glossary, bibliography & index, make this book an invaluable source of information & insight for all tax & business professionals.
A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs
Data on government sector receipts, and on taxes in particular, are basic inputs to most structural economic descriptions and economic analyses and are increasingly used in economic comparisons. This annual publication gives a conceptual framework to define which government receipts should be regarded as taxes.
Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.
Survey of taxes on immovable property. Reviews the major policy issues raised in the taxation of land and buildings and compares the main provision of property tax systems in 15 OECD Member countries.
General consumption taxes now account for nearly 20% of tax revenues of OECD countries. Only USA and Australia of OECD countries do not have a general consumption tax.