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Vanadium is one of the more abundant elements in the Earth’s crust and exhibits a wide range of oxidation states in its compounds making it potentially a more sustainable and more economical choice as a catalyst than the noble metals. A wide variety of reactions have been found to be catalysed by homogeneous, supported and heterogeneous vanadium complexes and the number of applications is growing fast. Bringing together the research on the catalytic uses of this element into one essential resource, including theoretical perspectives on proposed mechanisms for vanadium catalysis and an overview of its relevance in biological processes, this book is a useful reference for industrial and academic chemists alike.
Over the past several decades, vanadium has increasingly attracted the interest of biologists and chemists. The discovery by Henze in 1911 that certain marine ascidians accumulate the metal in their blood cells in unusually large quantities has done much to stimulate research on the role of vanadium in biology. In the intervening years, a large number of studies have been carried out to investigate the toxicity of vanadium in higher animals and to determine whether it is an essential trace element. That vanadium is a required element for a few selected organisms is now well established. Whether vanadium is essential for humans remains unclear although evidence increasingly suggests that it probably is. The discovery by Cantley in 1977 that vanadate is a potent inhibitor of ATPases lead to numerous studies of the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of vanadium on phosphate metabolizing enzymes. As a consequence vanadates are now routinely used as probes to investigate the mechanisms of such enzymes. Our understanding of vanadium in these systems has been further enhanced by the work of Tracy and Gresser which has shown striking parallels between the chemistry of vanadates and phosphates and their biological compounds. The observation by Shechter and Karlish, and Dubyak and Kleinzeller in 1980 that vanadate is an insulin mimetic agent has opened a new area of research dealing with the hormonal effects of vanadium. The first vanadium containing enzyme, a bromoperoxidase from the marine alga Ascophyllum nodosum, was isolated in 1984 by Viltner.
The first comprehensive resource on the chemistry of vanadium, Vanadium: Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Practical Applications has evolved from over a quarter century of research that concentrated on delineating the aqueous coordination reactions that characterize the vanadium(V) oxidation state. The authors distill information o
Spectrophotometry enables one to determine, with good precision and sensitivity, almost all the elements present in small and trace quantities of any material. The method is particularly useful in the determination of non-metals and allows the determination elements in a large range of concentrations (from single % to low ppm levels) in various materials.In Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis, much attention has been paid to separation and preconcentration methods, since they play an essential role in increasing the selectivity and sensitivity of spectrophotometric methods. Separation and preconcentration methods have also been utilised in other determination techniques.Spectrophotometric methods which are widely used for the determination of the elements in a large variety of inorganic materials are presented in the book whilst separation and preconcentration procedures combined with spectrophotometry are also described. This book contains recent advances in spectrophotometry, detailed discussion of the instrumentation, and the techniques and reagents used for spectrophotometric determination of elements in a wide range of materials as well as a detailed discussion of separation and preconcentration procedures that precede the spectrophotometric detection.
The publication of Vanadium: Biochemical and Molecular Biological Approaches is particularly timely as it exactly coincides with the centennial anniversary of the discovery of vanadium by Professor Henze, in the blood cells of an ascidian (tunicate) collected in Gulf of Naples in 1911. Vanadium, atomic number 23, covers a wide range of oxidation states (from -2 to +5) and has unpaired electrons. Depending on these properties, a wide variety of enzymes and compounds containing vanadium have been found and the biochemical behaviour of vanadium has been investigated extensively. This monograph provides not only the basic properties and recent advances of vanadium chemistry but also presents recent topics on hyper-accumulators of vanadium, enzymatic roles of vanadium, biochemical functions of vanadium and medicinal functions of vanadium, which have been discovered by Biochemical and Molecular Biological Approaches. Vanadium: Biochemical and Molecular Biological Approaches is aimed at pure and applied chemists, biochemists, pharmaceutical and medical scientists.
A practical guide to the methods in general use for the complete analysis of silicate rock material and for the determination of all those elements present in major, minor or trace amounts in silicate and other rocks that are routinely, commonly or occasionally determined by methods that are considered to be essentially chemical in character. Such methods include those based upon spectrophotometry, flame emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy, as well as gravimetry, titrimetry and the use of ion-selective electrodes. Separation stages are described in full, using precipitation, solvent extraction, distillation, and ion-ex procedures as appropriate. The third edition has been fully revised and updated.
Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II, Nine Volume Set reviews and examines topics of relevance to today’s inorganic chemists. Covering more interdisciplinary and high impact areas, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II includes biological inorganic chemistry, solid state chemistry, materials chemistry, and nanoscience. The work is designed to follow on, with a different viewpoint and format, from our 1973 work, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, edited by Bailar, Emeléus, Nyholm, and Trotman-Dickenson, which has received over 2,000 citations. The new work will also complement other recent Elsevier works in this area, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry and Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry, to form a trio of works covering the whole of modern inorganic chemistry. Chapters are designed to provide a valuable, long-standing scientific resource for both advanced students new to an area and researchers who need further background or answers to a particular problem on the elements, their compounds, or applications. Chapters are written by teams of leading experts, under the guidance of the Volume Editors and the Editors-in-Chief. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. The chapters will not provide basic data on the elements, which is available from many sources (and the original work), but instead concentrate on applications of the elements and their compounds. Provides a comprehensive review which serves to put many advances in perspective and allows the reader to make connections to related fields, such as: biological inorganic chemistry, materials chemistry, solid state chemistry and nanoscience Inorganic chemistry is rapidly developing, which brings about the need for a reference resource such as this that summarise recent developments and simultaneously provide background information Forms the new definitive source for researchers interested in elements and their applications; completely replacing the highly cited first edition, which published in 1973
"Volume 31, devoted solely to the role of vanadium in life processes, offers a comprehensive and timely account of this fascinating field by 37 distinguished, international authorities. Highlights the properties of the various oxidation states of vanadium, their affinity for biogenic ligands, the effects of vanadium species on enzyme activity, the role of vanadium in nitrogenases and haloperoxidases, and more."
Vanadium is named after Vanadis, the most aristocratic of Norse goddesses, who symbolises beauty and fertility - essential features of vanadium chemistry. It is a ubiquitous trace element, with a surprising range of biological functions. In Bioinorganic Vanadium Chemistry, Dieter Rehder addresses the major aspects of vanadium chemistry related to living organisms and the mutual impact between biological and inorganic vanadium chemistry. Topics covered include: the history, natural occurrence, distribution and impact of vanadium inorganic aspects of the function of vanadium in biological systems interaction of aqueous vanadate and vanadyl with biogenic ligands vanadium coordination compounds the vanadium-carbon bond methods of characterisation of biogenic and model vanadium systems (EPR and ENDOR for oxovanadium(IV); 51V NMR for vanadium(V); XAS) vanadium in ascidians and polychaeta worms the concentration of vanadium in the form of amavadin by Amanita mushrooms vanadate-dependent haloperoxidases vanadium and the nitrogen cycle vanadate as energiser for bacteria, and vanadophores medicinal aspectsm including the anti-diabetic potential of vanadium compounds interaction of vanadium with proteins and protein substrates vanadium and phosphate-metabolising enzymes Bioinorganic Vanadium Chemistry conveys the essential aspects of vanadium bioinorganic chemistry, making this book a valuable complement to more general bioinorganic chemistry texts and more specialized topical reviews for researchers and students alike.
This book covers all important nomenclature, theories of bonding and stereochemistry of coordination complexes. The authors have made an effort to inscribe the ideas knowledge, clearly and in an interesting way to benefit the readers. The complexities of Molecular Orbital theory have been explained in a very simple and easy manner. It also deals with transition and inner transition metals. Conceptually, all transition and inner transition elements form complexes which have definite geometry and show interesting properties. General and specific methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties of each element has been discussed at length. Group wise study of elements in d-block series have been explained. Important compounds, complexes and organometallic compounds of metals in different oxidation states have been given explicitly. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.