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This book presents the theoretical background as well as best practice examples of estimating in heavy construction. The examples stem from practitioners in international large-scale construction projects. As distinct from other publications on estimating, this book presents specific numbers and costs are calculated precisely. In this way the book helps to avoid errors in the estimating of construction projects like roads, bridges, tunnels, and foundations.
Part-I: ROAD EN:GINEERING: Introduction * Glossary * History of Development of Highway and Planning * highway Plaining * Highway Economics and Financing * Guiding Principles of Route Selection and Highway Location * Drainage * Highway Materials * Geometric Design * Highway Construction * Hill Roads * Highway Machinery Roads Arboriculture * Traffic Engineering * Highway Failure and Their Maintenance * Pavement Design * Quality Control * Objective Type Questions on Jighways * Solved Problems on Highways. Part-II : RAILWAY ENGINEERING: History of Railways * Railway Track & Track Stresses * Railway Gauges * Rails * Sleepers * Ballast * Foundation and its Drainage * Track Fitting and Fastening Track Alignment & Surveying * Traction and Tractive Resistance * Rolling Stock of Railways * Geometric Design of a Railway Track * Creep * Stations and Yards * Station Equipments * Points, Crossings and Simple Layouts * Signalling & Inter-locking * Level Crossings * Welding of Railways * Long and short Welded Rails * Manual Maintenance of Track * Mechanised Maintenance of Track * Directed Track Maintence * Measured Shovel Packing Track Tolerances * Track Renewal * Accidents * Duties of Permanent Way Officials * Material Management * Objective Type Questions on Railways * Solved Problems on Railways.Part-III: BRIDGE ENGINEERING : Introduction * Bridge Terminology * Investigation and Planning for Bridges * Type of Bridges * General Principles of Design * Sub Structures * Foundations * Super Structures of Arch Designs * Girder Bridges * Low Cost Bridges * Permanent Small Bridges * Bearings * Loads on Bridges * Design of Bridge Foundation * Design of Arch Bridges * Design of Solid R.C.C. Salb Bridges * R.C.C. Girder Bridges * Inspection of Bridges * Maintenance of Bridges * Testing Strengthening of Bridge * Protection and Training Works for Bridges * Objective Type Question on Bridges Engineering.Part-IV: TUNNEL ENGINEERING : General Aspects * Alignment of Tunnels * Drilling * Blasting * Tunneling * Shafts * Ventilation, Lighting and Drainage of Tunnels * Tunnel Lining * Safety in Tunnelling * Objective Type Questions on Tunnel Engineering.Part-V: HARBOUR-DOCK ENGINEERING: Water Transportation and Sea * Terminology * Natural Phenomena- Wind, Wave and Cyclones * Harbours and Ports * Break Water * Docks * Dry or Repair Docks * Locks * Channel, Basin and Berths * Appurtenances of a Harbour * Apron, Transit Sheds and Warehouses * Dredging and Dregers * Navigational Aids * Shore Protection Works. Questions.
More than 650 landmarks are covered, ranging from ancient monuments such as Stonehenge, to contemporary engineering feats such as the World Trade Center in New York City. The concisely-written entries describe when the landmark was built, who built it, why it was built, its dimensions, how it was constructed, and any problems encountered during construction. Additional features include: numerous photographs; biographies of important builders and designers; glossary; chronology of dates in civil engineering from 3000 BC to the present; listings of tallest buildings, longest bridges, and highest dams, and a geographical index which locates the structures by country.
The Creative Curriculum comes alive! This videotape-winner of the 1989 Silver Apple Award at the National Educational Film and Video Festival-demonstrates how teachers set the stage for learning by creating a dynamic well-organized environment. It shows children involved in seven of the interest areas in the The Creative Curriculum and explains how they learn in each area. Everyone conducts in-service training workshops for staff and parents or who teaches early childhood education courses will find the video an indispensable tool for explainin appropriate practice.
The Loma Prieta earthquake struck the San Francisco area on October 17, 1989, causing 63 deaths and $10 billion worth of damage. This book reviews existing research on the Loma Prieta quake and draws from it practical lessons that could be applied to other earthquake-prone areas of the country. The volume contains seven keynote papers presented at a symposium on the earthquake and includes an overview written by the committee offering recommendations to improve seismic safety and earthquake awareness in parts of the country susceptible to earthquakes.
A transportation expert makes a provocative case for changing the nation’s approach to highways, offering “bold, innovative thinking on infrastructure” (Rick Geddes, Cornell University). Americans spend hours every day sitting in traffic. And the roads they idle on are often rough and potholed, with exits, tunnels, guardrails, and bridges in terrible disrepair. According to transportation expert Robert Poole, this congestion and deterioration are outcomes of the way America manages its highways. Our twentieth-century model overly politicizes highway investment decisions, short-changing maintenance and often investing in projects whose costs exceed their benefits. In Rethinking America’s Highways, Poole examines how our current model of state-owned highways came about and why it is failing to satisfy its customers. He argues for a new model that treats highways themselves as public utilities—like electricity, telephones, and water supply. If highways were provided commercially, Poole argues, people would pay for highways based on how much they used, and the companies would issue revenue bonds to invest in facilities people were willing to pay for. Arguing for highway investments to be motivated by economic rather than political factors, this book makes a carefully-reasoned and well-documented case for a new approach to highways.
Tunnels represent a significant financial investment with challenging design, construction, and operational issues. Tunnels that are not adequately maintained usually require more costly and extensive repairs. To help safeguard tunnel users and to ensure reliable levels of service, the FHWA developed the National Tunnel Inspection Standards (NTIS), the Tunnel Operations Maintenance Inspection and Evaluation (TOMIE) Manual, and the Specifications for National Tunnel Inventory (SNTI). In accordance with the NTIS, this Manual describes methods for improving the safety and performance of roadway tunnel operation, maintenance, inspection, and evaluation programs.
This report presents a literature search, findings of a survey on the current state of historic bridge rehabilitation or replacement decision making by state and local transportation agencies, and nationally applicable decision-making guidelines for historic bridges. The guidelines are intended to be used as the protocol for defining when rehabilitation of historic bridges can be considered prudent and feasible and when it is not based on engineering and environmental data and judgments. The guidelines include identification of various approaches to bringing historic bridges into conformance with current design and safety guidelines/standards, and the effect or implications of remedial action on historical significance. There are currently no such nationally applicable decision-making guidelines, but there are a variety of state and local processes and policies for managing historic bridges. Effective practices for the various processes inform the nationally applicable guidelines. The guidelines are in narrative and matrix format.