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The purpose of this manual is to provide clear and helpful information for maintaining gravel roads. Very little technical help is available to small agencies that are responsible for managing these roads. Gravel road maintenance has traditionally been "more of an art than a science" and very few formal standards exist. This manual contains guidelines to help answer the questions that arise concerning gravel road maintenance such as: What is enough surface crown? What is too much? What causes corrugation? The information is as nontechnical as possible without sacrificing clear guidelines and instructions on how to do the job right.
Consolidates information developed by industry and government laboratories on dust control engineering techniques. Designed for the minerals processing industry, the technology applies to other industries as well. Dust, its prevention, formation and control are examined, including wet and dry control systems, personal protection, and testing methods.
This manual provides guidance for dust control methods and materials that can be used successfully at airfields and heliports to stop dust from forming naturally or as a result of man's activities and to control dust in areas directly impacted by man's activities. Dust develops naturally in denuded or sparsely vegetated areas and in most unpaved, sparsely vegetated areas occupied by man. (Man's activities may be detrimental to existing vegetation and create a dust problem.) Dust is created in unsurfaced areas subjected to concentrated foot or vehicular traffic, and is usually a problem on shoulders of surfaced airport and heliport traffic areas. Dust control becomes desirable when man needs to occupy land areas adjacent to the dust producing areas or is required to conceal military activities. The control of dust is also an important factor to consider for lengthening the life of vehicles and their engines. This manual discusses dust control methods and materials that have proven effective for treating soil surfaces to reduce dust; provides suggestions for rates and methods of application of materials for various soil types and environmental conditions; and discusses factors, such as availability, curing time, durability, logistics, and economics, that may be significant in the ultimate choice of material. Economic solutions for dust control of very large areas with little or no vegetation and no direct impact from man are presented in an appendix.
Nordic countries suffer from periodic worsening of the air quality during spring with high peak PM10 concentrations (airborne particulate matter with diameter less than 10 µm or 0.01 mm). Characteristic for the high springtime PM10 concentrations are high shares of coarse particles (with diameters between 2.5 and 10µm), a signature of non-exhaust traffic dust formed via abrasion and wear of pavement, traction control materials, vehicle brakes and tyres. This Policy Brief summarizes the current understanding of the road dust system and presents the mitigation measures and policies currently in place in the Nordic countries. It has been compiled as part of the NORTRIP project funded by the Climate and air pollution working group of the Nordic Council of Ministers by researchers from 11 Nordic institutes studying different aspects of traffic non-exhaust emissions and road dust.