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The late medieval kings of England showed little interest in their Lordship of Ireland. They showed even less interest in the Gaelic Irish population of the island. Richard II, however, was different. This English monarch led two expeditions to Ireland in 1394-5 and the summer of 1399. Once across the Irish Sea, it was Richard's fate to encounter a group of able Gaelic Irish kings, who were probably the most capable and talented of the entire late medieval period. Of these chieftains the most prominent were Art MacMurchadha Caomhanach, king of the Leinster Mountains, and Niall Mor and Niall Og O Neill, kings of Tyrone and high-kings of Ulster. Richard II ended up largely out-negotiated after his first expedition to the island, and unexpectedly outfought during his second. When he returned to his English kingdom Richard was immediately deposed and later murdered by his cousin, Henry, duke of Hereford, who then became King Henry IV. This book is the story of these remarkable encounters between a late medieval English monarch and his reluctant Gaelic Irish vassals at the close of the 14th century. *** "Among the most valuable aspects of the book is its meticulous account of the contemporary sources. Recommended [for] library collections on Richard II, the English monarchy, and medieval Ireland." --Choice, Vol. 54, No. 9, May 2017 [Subject: Medieval History, Early Modern History, Invasions & Conquests, Monarchy, Ireland & the UK]
Richard II by William Shakespeare . Richard II is one of Shakespeare's finest works: lucid, eloquent, and boldly structured. It can be seen as a tragedy, or a historical play, or a political drama, or as one part of a vast dramatic cycle which helped to generate England's national identity. Today, to some of us, Richard II may appear conservative; but, in Shakespeare's day, it could appear subversive: 'I am Richard II', declared an indignant Queen Elizabeth. Numerous recent revivals in the theatre and on screen have demonstrated the enduring power and poignancy of this drama of the downfall of an egoistic but pitiable monarch.
The thousand years explored in this book witnessed developments in the history of Ireland that resonate to this day. Interspersing narrative with detailed analysis of key themes, the first volume in The Cambridge History of Ireland presents the latest thinking on key aspects of the medieval Irish experience. The contributors are leading experts in their fields, and present their original interpretations in a fresh and accessible manner. New perspectives are offered on the politics, artistic culture, religious beliefs and practices, social organisation and economic activity that prevailed on the island in these centuries. At each turn the question is asked: to what extent were these developments unique to Ireland? The openness of Ireland to outside influences, and its capacity to influence the world beyond its shores, are recurring themes. Underpinning the book is a comparative, outward-looking approach that sees Ireland as an integral but exceptional component of medieval Christian Europe.
The three Richards who ruled England in the Middle Ages were among the most controversial and celebrated of its rulers. Richard I ('Coeur de Lion', 1189-99) was a great crusading hero; Richard II (1377-99) was an authoritarian aesthete deposed by his cousin, Henry IV, and murdered; while Richard III (1483-85), as the murderer of his nephews, 'The Princes in the Tower', was the most notorious villain in English history. This highly readable joint biography shows how much the three kings had in common, apart from their names. All were younger sons of monarchs, not expected to come to the throne; all failed to leave a legitimate heir, causing instability on their deaths; all were cultured and pious; and all died violently. All have attracted accusations but also fascination. In comparing them, Nigel Saul tells three gripping stories and shows what it took to be a medieval king.
Most late-medieval kings of England showed little interest in their lordship of Ireland. They showed even less interest in the Gaelic Irish population of the island. Richard II, however, was different. This English monarch led two expeditions to Ireland, in 1394-5 and 1399. Once across the Irish Sea, Richard encountered a group of Gaelic Irish kings who were probably the most capable and talented of the entire late-medieval period. Of these chieftains the most prominent were Art MacMurchadha Caomhánach, king of the Leinster Mountains, and Niall Mór and Niall Óg Ó Néill, kings of Tyrone and high-kings of Ulster. Richard II ended up largely out-negotiated after his first expedition to the island, and unexpectedly outfought during his second. Returning to his English kingdom, Richard was deposed by his cousin, Henry, duke of Hereford, who became King Henry IV. This book is the story of these remarkable encounters between a late medieval English monarch and his reluctant Gaelic Irish vassals at the close of the 14th century. -- Publisher description.
The Nine Years War was the greatest challenge that Gaelic Ireland presented to the Elizabethan English state. The role played by the young chieftain, Red Hugh O'Donnell (1572-1602), in the Gaelic confederacy which fought this war, was crucial. Without him, the possibility of such successful and wide-ranging resistance to the expansion of English power in Ireland would not have possible. This book represents a major reappraisal of O'Donnell's role. It is a study of how the abuse of power by English captains and officials led to the growth of anti-English sentiment in the lordship of Tír Chonaill and in O'Donnell's thinking itself, due in large part to his imprisonment in Dublin Castle. It is also a study in how the Gaelic lordships of Ulster proved themselves to be capable of military and political innovation, to enable their leaders to fashion a formidable confederacy which came very close to ending English sovereignty over Ireland.
The story of the Battle of Clontarf, fought almost a thousand years ago on April 23, 1014, is an inspiring one. It is a tale of ambition, determination, courage, and sacrifice. Although the history of the battle has often been misrepresented, it is without doubt one of the most important events to have taken place in medieval Ireland. The battle was not just influential in Irish history, it also had a major impact on the subsequent history of the jarldom of Orkney - a Scandinavian power that lay to the north and west of medieval Scotland. Brian Boru emerges from the pages of this illustrated book, not as the great reforming high-king of legend, but as a still highly ambitious and intelligent monarch, whose steely resolve led his army to victory on the Clontarf battlefield during that Good Friday in 1014. *** "McGettigan's book expertly delivers the downtempo pace of travel and communication across that ancient world - concepts alien to our expectations of instant everything. Yet after 1,000 years, the Battle of Clontarf still resonates with people, thanks to volumes like this one that delineate the eternal importance of alliances and resources - prime factors that figure in every war, everywhere."Ã?Â?Ã?Â? The Celtic Connection, November 2013
It is part of Shakespeare's extraordinary contribution to our culture that, through his dramas based on English history, he played a unique part in forming our view of ourselves and our nationhood. From King John, in which through Magna Carta the king's absolute power was first limited and the people's freedoms assured, to--almost in his own lifetime--Henry VIII, Shakespeare wrote a series of ten plays portraying the course of history. It represents almost one third of his entire dramatic output. The overarching theme of these plays is the vital importance of the sovereign's legitimacy if the nation is to be stable. They cover revolutionary times and events--the deposition and murder of Richard II, the Wars of the Roses, the usurping of the throne by Richard III--but they always affirm the principle that a legitimate king, circumscribed by an agreed constituion, is the only proper guarantee of the nation's liberties. There are many other ways in which Shakespeare's patriotism has become definitive. In Henry V's St. Crispin's Day speech to the troops before Agincourt, for example, or John of gaunt's 'scepter'd isle' speech, a sense of Englishness is expressed which still lives in English minds today. The E;izabethan's pride in nationhood was perfectly embodied by Shakespeare, but the poetry of it transcends its own time. In this edition the history plays are brought together with a large group of illustrations which echo and amplify their themes. Gloriously vivid images of England's story are presented here, putting the great plays in a magnificent setting.