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As an outpost of the advancing frontier, Kentucky played a crucial military role. Kentucky's state militia, which, under federal law, enrolled every able-bodied male citizen aged eighteen to forty-five, helped to secure the West for white settlers during the bloody Indian wars. Its members suffered defeat, capture, and death in the War of 1812, but also contributed to victories in the battles of the Thames and New Orleans. Though some Kentucky volunteers campaigned in the Mexican-American War, the general militia was moribund by the middle of the nineteenth century. Its infrequent musters had degenerated into sometimes mirthful and sometimes tragic frolics. A Brittle Sword provides a lively interpretation of Kentucky's citizen-soldiers and their role in the military history of both the state and the nation.
Nearly all the adult male settlers of Kentucky had seen service in the Revolutionary War, and this 0was especially true of the settlers from Virginia, many of whom had been granted bounty lands in Kentucky for their Revolutionary services. In addition to a roll of the officers of the Virginia Line who received land bounties in Kentucky, this work includes a roll of the Revolutionary pensioners in Kentucky, a list of the Illinois Regiment that served under George Rogers Clark in the Northwest Campaign, and a roster of the Virginia Navy, amounting in total to about 6,500 individuals. The important roll of pensioners, alphabetically arranged under each county, contains about 3,000 names, with rank or grade, the state they served from, character of service, the act under which they were beneficiaries, the date they were placed on the rolls, and their ages.
"A land bounty is a grant of land from a government as a reward to pay citizens for the risks and hardships they endured in the service of their country, usually in a military related capacity." This volume lists bounty land grants in Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia, and "Virginia-Indiana."--Introduction, p. v-xxv.
The purpose of this study is to chronicle the lives of African Americans who were at Fort Boonesborough. We limited the scope of our narrative to the years the fort stood, 1775 and 1784. Fort Boonesborough is one of Kentucky's most historic places. It was the wilderness outpost of Richard Henderson's Transylvania Company and, for a few years, was home to Daniel Boone. Due to Boone's involvement, few places in early Kentucky have been so well documented and written about. It will surprise no one to learn that the early records and subsequent historical accounts mainly involve the white males who settled there. There are biographical sketches for Monk Estill, the "black Indian" Pompey, Frederick Hart, John Sidebottom, and others less well known. Our work identifies only a fraction of the pioneer African Americans of Kentucky. Many more deserve to be remembered and commemorated.
Given in memory of Charles Hudson Edge, Laura James Edge, by Eugene Edge III.
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This dual biography focuses on the lives of two very different men who fought for and settled the American West and whose vision secured the old Northwest Territory for the new nation. The two represented contrasting American experiences: famed military leader George Rogers Clark was from the Virginia planter class. William Croghan was an Irish immigrant with tight family ties to the British in America. Yet their lives would intersect in ways that would make independence and western settlement possible. The war experiences of Clark and Croghan epitomize the American course of the Revolution. Croghan fought in the Revolutionary War at Trenton and spent the winter of 1777–1778 at Valley Forge with George Washington and LaFayette before being taken prisoner at Charleston. Clark, known as the "Hannibal of the West," was famous for his victorious Illinois campaign against the British and as an Indian fighter. Following the war, Croghan became Clark's deputy surveyor of military lands for the Virginia State Line, enabling him to acquire some 54,000 acres on the edge of the American frontier. Croghan's marriage to Lucy Clark, George Rogers Clark's sister, solidified his position in society. Clark, however, was regularly called by Virginia and the federal government to secure peace in the Ohio River Valley, leading to his financial ruin and emotional decline. Croghan remained at Clark's side throughout it all, even as he prospered in the new world they had fought to create, while Clark languished. These men nevertheless worked and eventually lived together, bound by the familial connections they shared and a political ideology honed by the Revolution.
Joseph Plumb Martin (1760 – 1850) was a soldier in the Continental Army and Connecticut Militia during the American Revolutionary War, holding the rank of private for most of the war. His published narrative of his experiences has become a valuable resource for historians in understanding the conditions of a common soldier of that era, as well as the battles in which Martin participated. "My intention is to give a succinct account of some of my adventures, dangers and sufferings during my several campaigns in the revolutionary army." Contents: Campaign of 1776. Campaign of 1777. Campaign of 1778. Campaign of 1779. Campaign of 1780. Campaign of 1781. Campaign of 1782. Campaign of 1783.
In 1780, during the Revolutionary War, Kentucky was invaded by 200 British and Canadian soldiers and 800 Native American warriors. They surrounded and compelled to surrender two small American settlements called Ruddell's Fort and Martin's Station. The people there were simply farmers with families. At Ruddell's Fort British Captain Henry Bird promised that settlers would be protected from the Indians and remain in the custody of the English. As soon as the gates opened in surrender, the Indians rushed in, killing some settlers and brutally seizing the rest as slaves, adoptees and prisoners. Every man, woman and child was claimed.All of the families from Ruddell's Fort and Martin's Station, amounting to about 400 people, were kidnapped by the British and Indians and forced on a 500-mile death march to the British stronghold at Fort Detroit. Short on food and driven at a relentless pace, the prisoners endured a reign of terror the entire journey. Family members were separated, not knowing what became of each other. Young and old who slowed the column were killed. Babies were thrown into the fire and to the wayside. Women drowned and were tomahawked. Shocked and dazed by the experience, the American settlers were held as prisoners of war for two and a half years. They were finally welcomed home by General George Washington at army headquarters in Newburgh, New York.This true story is told through the experience of the Mahan family, which traveled the Wilderness Road from Virginia to Martin's Station in an optimistic search for a new life. Instead they found death and imprisonment. All known names of the captives are listed in the book.
The author masterfully blends intellectual, economic, and military history into a fascinating discussion of a great moral question for generations of Americans: Can some individuals rightly profit during wartime while other sacrifice their lives to protect the nation?