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This synthesis will be of interest to state department of transportation and consulting bridge, structural, and research engineers. The synthesis describes the current state of the practice for determining dynamic impact factors for bridges. Information for the synthesis was collected by surveying U.S. and Canadian transportation agencies and by conducting a literature search using domestic and foreign sources. This report of the Transportation Research Board documents relevant background and recent information with regard to vehicular dynamic load effects on bridges. It provides details on the basic concepts of bridge dynamics, including identification of the main variables affecting bridge dynamic response. In addition, current code provisions for accounting for vehicular dynamic load effects for new bridge design and load evaluation of existing bridges are reported, including a discussion on the background of the provisions. Finally, a discussion of observed field problems associated with vehicular dynamic load effects, as obtained from the survey, are included.
This paper deals with the review of impact or dynamic allowance factors for highway bridges that are being implemented by various countries around the world. This review has specifically emphasized the field results of other researchers and concluded that most of the studies have noted that the current American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Specifications grossly underestimate the impact factors for highway bridges. The review of impact factors herein has concluded further that the AASHTO Specifications on impact for highway bridges are a function only on the span length, even though many other important parameters (for example, road roughness, vehicle and bridge dynamics) play a major role in terms of bridge dynamics.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 359: Bridge Rating Practices and Policies for Overweight Vehicles explores overweight vehicle permit processes. The report includes information on state and provincial bridge rating systems, bridge evaluation practices, and permit policies as they relate to overweight and oversize vehicles. The report is designed to help in the understanding of the reasons for nonuniform permitting practices. The report reviews specifications, software types, treatment of nonstandard configurations, and allowance for in-place dead loads; processes of permit review; and personnel assigned to permit review.
Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Reliability models for combinations of extreme events -- Chapter 3. Calibration of load factors for combinations of extreme events -- Chapter 4. Conclusions and future research -- References -- Glossary of notations -- Appendixes.
A How-To Guide for Bridge Engineers and DesignersHighway Bridge Superstructure Engineering: LRFD Approaches to Design and Analysis provides a detailed discussion of traditional structural design perspectives, and serves as a state-of-the-art resource on the latest design and analysis of highway bridge superstructures. This book is applicable to hig
The Institution of Civil Engineers has organised a series of conferences to celebrate, at the start of the New Millennium, the enormous achievements made in the field of bridge engineering in recent years. This volume of papers from the second of these conferences, held in Hong Kong, encompasses the state-of-the-art in bridge design, construction, maintenance and safety assessment. It includes papers on major bridge schemes, both completed and under construction, and on innovative approaches used in various parts of the world. It also looks at local and regional projects and bridge related issues. The wealth of information contained in this publication will be of interest to bridge consultants and contractors, practising engineers, researchers and bridge owners, both local and international.
A How-To Guide for Bridge Engineers and Designers Highway Bridge Superstructure Engineering: LRFD Approaches to Design and Analysis provides a detailed discussion of traditional structural design perspectives, and serves as a state-of-the-art resource on the latest design and analysis of highway bridge superstructures. This book is applicable to highway bridges of all construction and material types, and is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) philosophy. It discusses the theory of probability (with an explanation leading to the calibration process and reliability), and includes fully solved design examples of steel, reinforced and prestressed concrete bridge superstructures. It also contains step-by-step calculations for determining the distribution factors for several different types of bridge superstructures (which form the basis of load and resistance design specifications) and can be found in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Fully Realize the Basis and Significance of LRFD Specifications Divided into six chapters, this instructive text: Introduces bridge engineering as a discipline of structural design Describes numerous types of highway bridge superstructures systems Presents a detailed discussion of various types of loads that act on bridge superstructures and substructures Discusses the methods of analyses of highway bridge superstructures Includes a detailed discussion of reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges, and slab-steel girder bridges Highway Bridge Superstructure Engineering: LRFD Approaches to Design and Analysis can be used for teaching highway bridge design courses to undergraduate- and graduate-level classes, and as an excellent resource for practicing engineers.