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Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
An extensively revised 2006 second edition of the well received and widely adopted textbook on groundwater.
This book looks into the increasing conflict between the demand of economic growth and the already fragile ecological system condition in China. The prolonged urbanization process has escalated the erosion of natural environments and is increasing energy consumption. China’s role as a “world plant” is also demanding more and more resource supply as well as energy consumption. This book argues that to correctly respond to these emerging issues, apart from upgrading industry and improves environmental protection techniques, China needs to establish an “ecological civilization” that provides an ideological basis for the construction of a green low-carbon model of economic growth.
Building Systems for interior designers Second Edition Corky Binggeli, asid The updated guide to technical building systems for interior designers As integral members of the building design team, interior designers share an increasingly complex and crucial role. Now revised in its second edition, Building Systems for Interior Designers remains the one go-to resource that addresses the special concerns of the interior designer within the broader context of the rest of the building design team. Building Systems for Interior Designers, Second Edition explains technical building systems and engineering issues in a clear and accessible way to interior designers. Covering systems from HVAC to water and waste to lighting, transportation, and safety, author Corky Binggeli enables interior designers to communicate more effectively with architects, engineers, and contractors; collaborate effectively on projects; and contribute to more accurate solutions for a broad range of building considerations. Among the many improvements in the Second Edition are: A deeper engagement with sustainable building design, giving the interior designer the resources needed to participate as part of a sustainable design team A reshaped structure that enhances the reader's understanding of the material Many more illustrations and explanatory captions With a host of features to make the book more up to date, easier to use, and more effective as an instructive guide, Building Systems for Interior Designers, Second Edition is a valuable book for students as well as a practical desktop reference for professionals.
Reduce the enormous economic and environmental impact of corrosion Emphasizing quantitative techniques, this guide provides you with: *Theory essential for understanding aqueous, atmospheric, and high temperature corrosion processes Corrosion resistance data for various materials Management techniques for dealing with corrosion control, including life prediction and cost analysis, information systems, and knowledge re-use Techniques for the detection, analysis, and prevention of corrosion damage, including protective coatings and cathodic protection More