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A decade ago there was talk of the "end of history". Francis Fukuyama assured us that no ideology, even Islamic ideology, could challenge the universalist claims of liberal democracy. Influential analysts spoke of an international convergence of value systems as well as economies. Today some have gone to the other extreme and accept the idea of a "clash of civilizations". At the very least, we can say history has returned with a vengeance. When commentators of a decade ago assumed change was moving in one direction, they tended to dismiss ASEAN as a "talk shop" and pour scorn on attempts to formulate "Asian values". Today, even tough-minded security specialists attend to specific vocabulary and nuances of the conversation of this region. What role will the historian play in this era of the return of history? Professor Anthony Milner, Basham Professor of Asian History and Dean of Asian Studies at the Australian National University, addresses this question. In 2002, Professor Milner was Raffles Visiting Professor in the Department of History at the National University of Singapore. Contents include: Critiquing ASEAN; The Convergence Era; Security and Talk; Regionalism in Europe; Recognizing Difference; Difference in the Regional Conversation; The Historian; Excess, Islam.
作者在这本论著中首创性地提出了统一的贸易经济学的理论体系。这一理论体系目前共包含约27个理论。统一的贸易经济学将各个层次经济系统的贸易关系的理论统一了起来，使其不仅可以应用于区域经济贸易，国际贸易，还可以推广应用到微观经济系统。统一的贸易经济学也实现了备战学派所主张的对经济现实的可触摸性和可计算性。统一的贸易经济学较为全面地分析了区域经济贸易的各种特性，并建立起较为完整的具有独创性的区域经济贸易评价体系。 这本书中的很多理论和思想都是很崭新的，其中所包含的创新概念或具有创新内容的概念有：贸易系统，贸易主体，贸易客体，本地贸易产品/服务/利润，本地国际化贸易产品/服务/利润，本地国际化贸易回归产品/服务/利润，进口/出口/类别性/双边性/双区分/总体性/跨境性贸易指标，贸易差额强度，贸易差额强度落差，贸易竞争系数，贸易和谐系数，贸易交换系数，贸易相关系数，贸易竞争力指数，贸易成本，贸易收入，贸易效率，贸易利润，贸易利润比率，贸易回头率，贸易召回率，贸易折返率，流通性贸易泡沫总量（总值），流通性贸易泡沫度，社会性经济泡沫度（贸易），社会性经济泡沫量（贸易），贸易参与度，贸易市场需求量，贸易市场需求度，产能缺口，区域外供应能力，贸易能力，贸易能力缺口，贸易能力实现率，过剩贸易能力比率，过剩出口贸易能力比率，进口贸易能力缺口比率，评估指标对，评估指标集合，贸易优势集合/序列，趋势性汇率波动，汇率性贸易成本/收入/利润，汇率性贸易成本比率/收入比率/利润比率，经济势能水平（贸易），经济势能容量（贸易），环境经济代价（贸易），经济绿色势能（贸易），关税收入，关税成本，贸易管理团队规模社会性比率，贸易管理团队规模就业性比率，贸易成果性管理消耗比，贸易成本性管理消耗比，贸易管理团队的人均管理成本，管理团队人均贸易收入，管理团队人均关税收入，贸易指标增速，贸易指标变异度，贸易特性指标序列（贸易结构），贸易集中度，贸易安全特性指标，区域经济贸易双核算体系，区域经济贸易比例指标，贸易经济比重（域外依赖度），等等。统一的贸易经济学必将成为我们共有的航行在太空中的宇宙飞船的国际贸易体系的理论基础。 这本论著对于那些对贸易经济研究，贸易经济管理，贸易财务管理，区域经济等感兴趣的人士应该是一本比较好的开拓思维的读本。对于从事和希望从事贸易经济研究工作，政府工作或经济管理工作的人士也是比较有意义的。
Through a careful consideration of historical factors and raw data, Denny Roy examines the benefits and consequences of a more politically, economically, and militarily potent China. Since China's sphere of influence encroaches on the autonomy of regional states, its attempts to increase its security have diminished the security of its neighbours.
Financial crises have been pervasive for many years. Their frequency in recent decades has been double that of the Bretton Woods Period (1945-1971) and the Gold Standard Era (1880-1993), comparable only to the period during the Great Depression. Nevertheless, the financial crisis that started in the summer of 2007 came as a great surprise to most people. What initially was seen as difficulties in the U.S. subprime mortgage market, rapidly escalated and spilled over first to financial markets and then to the real economy. The crisis changed the financial landscape worldwide and its full costs are yet to be evaluated. One important reason for the global impact of the 2007-2009 financial crisis was massive illiquidity in combination with an extreme exposure of many financial institutions to liquidity needs and market conditions. As a consequence, many financial instruments could not be traded anymore, investors ran on a variety of financial institutions particularly in wholesale markets, financial institutions and industrial firms started to sell assets at fire sale prices to raise cash, and central banks all over the world injected huge amounts of liquidity into financial systems. But what is liquidity and why is it so important for firms and financial institutions to command enough liquidity? This book brings together classic articles and recent contributions to this important field of research. It provides comprehensive coverage of the role of liquidity in financial crises and is divided into five parts: (i) liquidity and interbank markets; (ii) the public provision of liquidity and regulation; (iii) money, liquidity and asset prices; (iv) contagion effects; (v) financial crises and currency crises.
This book shows the effectiveness of multiregional demography for studying the spatial dynamics of migration and population redistribution. It examines important questions in demographic analysis and shows how the techniques of multiregional analysis can lead to answers that sometimes contradict conventional wisdom. The book reconsiders conclusions reached in the literature regarding several fundamental common sense demographic questions in migration and population redistribution, including: Is it mostly migration or “aging-in-place” that has been driving Florida’s elderly population growth? Do the elderly return “home” after retirement more than the non-elderly do? Does longer life lead to longer ill-health? Do simple population projection models outperform complex ones? For each demographic question it reconsiders, the book begins with a simple empirical numerical example and with it illustrates how a uniregional specification can bias findings to favor a particular, and possibly incorrect, conclusion. It then goes on to show how a multiregional analysis can better illuminate the dynamics that underlie the observed population totals and lead to a more informed conclusion. Offering insights into the effectiveness of multiregional demography, this book serves as a valuable resource for students and researchers searching for a better way to answer questions in demographic analysis and population dynamics.​
Abstract: Die Rückkehr von Migranten in die Türkei, Georgien und die Russische Föderation stehen im Mittelpunkt des vierten Bandes der Reihe Beiträge zu Migration und Integration. In diesem Projekt wurden verschiedene Gruppen von Rückkehrern im Hinblick auf die Umstände und Motive ihrer Rückkehrentscheidung, ihre Reintegrationsstrategien und ihre Weiterwanderungspläne befragt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analysen können Impulse für die Weiterentwicklung der Rückkehr- und der Reintegrationsförderung geben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Rückkehrorientierung im Wesentlichen aufgrund der Befürchtung entsteht, in Deutschland nicht die gleichen Teilhabechancen zu haben. Zur tatsächlichen Rückkehr entscheidet man sich allerdings nicht nur aufgrund von Unzufriedenheit. Einschätzung der eigenen Partizipationschancen im Herkunftsland spielt hierbei eine wesentliche Rolle. Zudem erleichtert die Unterstützung durch familiäre, freundschaftliche und andere relevante soziale Netzwerke den Rückkehrentschluss.
Catastrophes are on the rise due to climate change, as is their toll in terms of lives and livelihoods as world populations rise and people settle into hazardous places. While disaster response and management are traditionally seen as the domain of the natural and technical sciences, awareness of the importance and role of cultural adaptation is essential. This book catalogues a wide and diverse range of case studies of such disasters and human responses. This serves as inspiration for building culturally sensitive adaptations to present and future calamities, to mitigate their impact, and facilitate recoveries.
Published in 1998. Migration patterns at the global level have become more complex, affecting more countries, more people and for a greater variety of reasons. Consequently, international migration is receiving increasing attention throughout the world. Migration is an inherently spatial phenomenon. But while the spatial patterns themselves have been described in recent surveys of global contemporary international migration, the causes and consequences of the spatial patterns have received surprisingly little systematic attention. Often migration is seen just from a host country perspective, or from a sending country perspective, without explicit consideration of the sub-national origin and destinations of the flows or linkages between countries. It is well known that migration flows follow certain gravity-like properties, that there is chain migration, that certain regions attract more migrants than others, that migrants are highly urbanised, and that within urban areas there are also concentrations of migrants leading to a reshaping of the urban landscape. However, such observations are often the result of purely descriptive research or case study research. Consequently, there is still a need for an integrated multi-disciplinary study of the spatial impact and the resulting socio-economic and political issues concerning migration. This book aims to fill this gap by bringing together a collection of papers which are primarily concerned with the spatial impact of contemporary international migration patterns, or with related issues. The topics of the papers are wide ranging and the focus varies from broad international perspectives to specific urban areas. Two general themes run through the papers. The first of these is that migration is an inherently dynamic process which may have either equilibrating or self-reinforcing (cumulative) effects. The importance of considering international migration in a dynamic context has come to the fore in several theoretical frameworks which are available in the literature to study this phenomenon. The second major theme of the book is the emphasis on the importance of personal networks in shaping international migration patterns, leading to pronounced clusters of (urban) areas from which migrants are drawn and of migrant settlement.