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The foreign interdiction and source country programs on which the United States has spent $25 billion since 1981 are intended to reduce domestic drug abuse. To examine this intersection of domestic and international interests, the Council on Foreign Relations convened an Independent Task Force to review U.S. international drug strategy and to suggest possible future directions. The bipartisan Task Force -- chaired by Mathea Falco, President of Drug Strategies, and former Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics Matters -- included experts with backgrounds in diplomacy, law enforcement, economics, development, public health, judicial institutions, human rights, and multinational business.
What are drug courts? Do they work? Why are they so popular? Should countries be expanding them or rolling them back? These are some of the questions this volume attempts to answer. Simultaneously popular and problematic, loved and loathed, drug courts have proven an enduring topic for discussion in international drug policy debates. Starting in Miami in the 1980s and being exported enthusiastically across the world, we now have a range of international case studies to re-examine their effectiveness. Whereas traditional debates tended towards binaries like “do they work?”, this volume attempts to unpick their export and implementation, contextualising their efficacy. Instead of a simple yes or no answer, the book provides key insights into the operation of drug courts in various parts of the world. The case studies range from a relatively successful small-scale model in Australia, to the large and unwieldy business of drug courts in the US, to their failed scale-up in Brazil and the small and institutionally adrift models that have been tried in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. The book concludes that although drug courts can be made to work in very specific niche contexts, the singular focus on them as being close to a “silver bullet” obscures the real issues that societies must address, including (but not limited to) a more comprehensive and full-spectrum focus on diverting drug-involved individuals away from the criminal justice system.
The National Drug Control Policy has failed its two major functions (supply reduction and demand reduction) due to faulty assumptions regarding nearly every aspect of the alcohol and drug fields, charges author Fisher. Yet in spite of overwhelming evidence of this failure policy makers have strongly resisted discussing major changes to the assumptions that underly current policy, because of political pressure, bias and philosophical intransigence, he adds. Fisher discusses controversial topics and defends uncommon approaches in chapters focused on subjects including legalization, harm reduction, the futility of supply reduction, the problem of underage drinking and effectiveness of treatment and prevention. He proposes a new national policy for drug control, including elimination of the war metaphor, inclusion of alcohol in the mandate, conceptualization of addiction as a public health problem, utilization of harm reduction principles to guide policy and discontinuation of approaches that isolate drug and alcohol problems from their connection to broader social issues such as poverty. In this work, the premises of the current National Drug Control Strategy are challenged, and both Democratic and Republican administrations across the last 10 years are critically examined. Statements of the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Strategy are critiqued. Major points include that there is no evidence the NDCS has achieved any of its goals, that harm reduction should be its guiding principle, and supply reduction should not be part of the national strategy.
Drugs are pervasive in our everyday lives across cultures around the world. At the same time, they present one of the thorniest problems of twenty-first century policy, connected with concerns about crime, security, and public health. The global prohibition system, established a century ago, is widely seen to be failing and over the last decade alternative approaches have started to proliferate in some regions of the world, notably the Americas. Rethinking Drug Laws presents a radical intellectual reappraisal of how the international drug control system works, where it came from, and the possibilities for alternative futures. Drawing on an innovative interdisciplinary approach, the book develops new theoretical and conceptual tools for understanding how drug control functions, presents original archival research on the origins of drug prohibition, and explains ways that we can develop a better 'politics of drugs' that can reanimate drug law reform. Central to the book is the claim that to move beyond existing ways of seeing the global drug problem, we need to escape Western-centric thinking. In the Asian Century, will it be China that becomes the most significant player in shaping the future of drug policy and drug control?
Providing a comprehensive analysis of drug misuse, dependence and the ways in which different parts of the world have responded to these problems, this volume examines aspects of the contemporary drug problem, the related debate and the way in which society is responding to it.
Analysing arguably one of the most controversial areas in public policy, this pioneering Research Handbook brings together contributions from expert researchers to provide a global overview of the shifting dynamics of drug policy. Emphasising connections between the domestic and the international, contributors illustrate the intersections between drug policy, human rights obligations and the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, offering an insightful analysis of the regional dynamics of drug control and the contemporary and emerging problems it is facing.
It's been half a century since Richard Nixon declared his "war on drugs" yet the international drug's market continues to flourish. According to UN estimates the illegal drug trade is worth 500 billion USD a year. This book seeks to investigate why law enforcement has had a negligible impact on reducing both the consumption and production of drugs. In addition the author examines alternative strategies to prohibition in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world. After all can policies defined by the Westphalian state, where sovereignty encapsulated by rigid national boundaries' that once limited trade both licit and illicit still function in our now interconnected world? The amalgamation of states into regional bodies such as the EU, ASEAN, NAFTA or the Eurasian Union coupled to neoliberal policies has radically changed notions of the Westphalian state and eased the distribution of merchandise, goods, capital and people in both a logistical and financial sense. Processes which have been meticulously exploited by both transnational organized crime and international terrorism, constituting a security threat to states across the world.With these questions in mind the author goes beyond the traditional rather individualistic approach to the drugs debate, one that essentially reduces drug consumption to a matter of "rights" "freedom" and "morality" and seeks to address the issue also from a security point of view. Key here is how organized criminals and terrorists have proven adept at exploiting the insecurities and social pathologies that have arisen with neoliberalism and globalization and how this impacts on the role of the state. In seeking to address the issue the book examines the drugs issue from various corners of the world. It looks to the opioid epidemic in North America, Dutertes "war on drug's" in the Philippines, drug consumption in Russia after the fall of communism, the increasing involvement of terrorist organization's in the narcotics trade in places such as Afghanistan or Libya among others, before concluding that we do have options to the drugs problem and that the only thing holding us back is a fear of ourselves. ABOUT THE AUTHORCim Fez was born in Canada in 1976 Most of his secondary education followed in the UK. He was awarded his Bachelor degree in modern languages from the University of Essex, where he would also conclude studies in the Modern History of Russia. In 2014 Cim would complete his postgraduate studies in international crime in Cambridge. Cim has obtained many years of experience working for social services with people afflicted by drug addiction. This work gave him a first hand account of the social problems that can arise from drug misuse, whether this be due to the dysfunctional lifestyles drug addiction invariably promotes or due to its associated brushes with the law. While working for social services it also became apparent how these socially maladjusted individuals at times manage to perpetuate cycles of dysfunction in further generations. This generally being associated with a mindset that is beholden or at the very least prioritises drugs over any other issue in their individual orientated worlds.Cim is a regular contributor for the news outlet East & West where in addition to crime he writes on Russia and the post Soviet space, international relations, current affairs and international governmental organization's.Cim is a regular contributor for the news outlet East & West where he writes on Russia and the post Soviet space, international relations, current affairs and international governmental organization's.
Contents: (1) Introduction; (2) U.S. National Drug Control Strategy; Funding; Agency Roles; (3) International Drug Control Tools; Multilateral Cooperation; Foreign Assistance Sanctions; ¿Drug Majors¿ and the Certification Process; Methamphetamine Precursor Chemicals; Crop Eradication; Alternative Development; Interdiction; Anti-Money Laundering Efforts; Extradition; Institutional Capacity Building; (4) Legislative Issues for the 111th Congress: Mérida Initiative; Plan Colombia and the Andean Counterdrug Program; Afghanistan Counterdrug Programs; (5) Alternative Policy Approaches; Rebalance Current Drug Policy Tools; Reevaluate Prohibitionist Drug Regime; Expand International Criminal Court Jurisdiction. Charts and tables.
This paper presents an argument for the legalization of psychoactive drugs that are currently prohibited by law. Drawing on international drug policy research, the author examines the Irish policy in its historical, medical, social and political context. The legitimacy of current policy is severely undermined by such an examination, and the ineffectiveness of the war suggests that new options must be considered.