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The prolonged civil-war and famine in the African nation of Sudan has displaced millions over the last two decades, many of these are women and children. Refugee women who are resettled to the US with their children must make profound adjustments to learn how to live in the American society and culture. Very little is understood about the factors and conditions that affect the health of immigrant and refugee populations who resettle to a host country. This ethnographic study investigates the influences to health and well-being in 10 refugee women from the Dinka tribe of southern Sudan who were resettled with their children to a Midwestern city in the United States (US). The in-depth interviews and participant observation that occurred over the one-year period of the study resulted in an interpretive theory of Well-Being in Refugee Women Experiencing Cultural Transition. Well-being in Dinka mothers is understood through the relationships between three major themes: Liminality: Living Between Two Cultures, Standing for Myself, and Hope for the Future. Liminality: Living Between Two Cultures describes how the women struggled to maintain a delicate balance between their traditional Dinka culture and the new American culture. The theme of Standing for Myself addresses how learning new skills and taking on new roles in the US, led to transformation of the refugee women. The third theme of Hope for the Future emphasizes the Dinka cultural values of communality and religious convictions that gave the women hope for a better future for their families and countrymen. The middle-range theory of transitions was used as a theoretical framework to guide the investigation of well-being of the refugee women and their families during resettlement. The study extends of the theory of transitions to refugee women from southern Sudan by developing a theoretical explanation for how refugee Dinka women attain well-being during transition. The results of this study strongly indicate that c̀ultural transition' be added as a distinct type of transition significant to understand the health needs of refugee women. The knowledge from this study will lead to the development of culturally competent interventions for resettled refugee families.
The prolonged civil-war and famine in the African nation of Sudan has displaced millions over the last two decades, many of these are women and children. Refugee women who are resettled to the US with their children must make profound adjustments to learn how to live in the American society and culture. Very little is understood about the factors and conditions that affect the health of immigrant and refugee populations who resettle to a host country. This ethnographic study investigates the influences to health and well-being in 10 refugee women from the Dinka tribe of southern Sudan who were resettled with their children to a Midwestern city in the United States (US). The in-depth interviews and participant observation that occurred over the one-year period of the study resulted in an interpretive theory of Well-Being in Refugee Women Experiencing Cultural Transition. Well-being in Dinka mothers is understood through the relationships between three major themes: Liminality: Living Between Two Cultures, Standing for Myself, and Hope for the Future. Liminality: Living Between Two Cultures describes how the women struggled to maintain a delicate balance between their traditional Dinka culture and the new American culture. The theme of Standing for Myself addresses how learning new skills and taking on new roles in the US, led to transformation of the refugee women. The third theme of Hope for the Future emphasizes the Dinka cultural values of communality and religious convictions that gave the women hope for a better future for their families and countrymen. The middle-range theory of transitions was used as a theoretical framework to guide the investigation of well-being of the refugee women and their families during resettlement. The study extends of the theory of transitions to refugee women from southern Sudan by developing a theoretical explanation for how refugee Dinka women attain well-being during transition. The results of this study strongly indicate that c̀ultural transition' be added as a distinct type of transition significant to understand the health needs of refugee women. The knowledge from this study will lead to the development of culturally competent interventions for resettled refugee families.
The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and then analysed using thematic analysis. The experiences of two participants are presented in-depth as case studies that highlight the successes and challenges of mothering. Results reveal how the mothers raise their children in the context of complex challenges - such as family separation and financial difficulties - and advantages-such as access to healthcare, housing and education. Common to many of the women's experiences are issues concerning threats to their authority and, more fundamentally, to their identities and roles as mothers. Two themes comprised overarching narratives in this study. The first is that, as mothers in the resettlement environment, the women are negotiating tensions between the independent or individualistic values of the new country and the interdependent values that are central to their own cultural identity. The second theme concerns what is gained and what is lost in the circumstances of forced migration to Australia.
Resilience in South Sudanese Women describes the historical injustices in Southern Sudan that led to the outbreak of civil wars. These injustices included socio-economic and political marginalization that denied the women basic needs. It gives firsthand life experiences of the Sudanese women during the protracted civil wars in their country. It narrates the horrors of the gruesome journeys that they took as they fled war zone, burying their kids on unmarked graves and moving on. It shows how they dealt with homelessness in host countries through various coping strategies, and their eventual resettlement in USA where again they experienced cultural collisions. However, their determination, innovation, and resilience always helped them to overcome the struggles.
This book examines the social, cultural, economic, and political transformations that have occurred among southern Sudanese women refugees as they experience life in Cairo, Egypt. It intends to show how these women use their newly acquired skills and knowledge to challenge their past and to challenge the image of women refugees as victims and dependents. The author counters previous literature's tendency to categorize these women as victimized, dependent and backwards, rather than recognizing their strength and contributions to their new societies.
This book focuses on refugee resettlement in the post-9/11 environment of the United States with theoretical work and ethnographic case studies that portray loss, transition, and resilience. Each chapter unpacks resettlement at the macro or micro scale, underscoring the multiple, and mostly unsupported, negotiations refugees must undertake in their familial, social, educational, and work spheres to painstakingly reconstruct and reintegrate their lives. The contributors show how civil society groups and individuals push back against xenophobic policies and strive to support refugee communities, and how agentive efforts result in refugees establishing stable lives, despite punishing odds. This volume will be of interest to anthropologists and other scholars with a focus on refugee and migration studies.
This book examines contemporary migration to the United States through a surprising and compelling case study – the Nuer of Sudan, whose traditional life represents one of the most important case studies in the history of anthropology. It provides an opportunity to examine issues of current importance within anthropology, such as social change, transnationalism, displacement, and diaspora in an easy to understand manner. In understanding the experiences of the Nuer, students will not only gain insights into the world refugee problem and the role of immigration in the United States, they will also learn about the features of Nuer life which are considered a standard part of the anthropology curriculum. The book juxtaposes elements of Nuer culture which are well-known within anthropology — and featured in most anthropology textbooks — with new developments arising from the immigration of many other Nuer to the U.S. in the 1990s as refugees from civil war in southern Sudan. Consequently, this book will fit well within existing anthropology curricula, while providing an important update on descriptions of traditional life.
Abstract: This study looked into how refugees in Cairo experience their transition while waiting to be resettled and how and to what extent those experiences shape their expectations of life in the resettlement country. It was conducted among a cohort of Sudanese refugees in the resettlement pipeline living in Cairo using the qualitative research method of phenomenological approach chosen to capture the common elements that individuals living a particular shared experience had with each other. This study found that refugees’ expectations are primarily based on rights and liberties that have been denied to them in the land of their birth and previous residence as well as their current site of exile; their expectations correspond to the vast gamut of rights linked to formal citizenship as a status in a political community. Additionally, it also revealed that expectations are generated by the social context in the current site of exile; expectations are engendered by others’ reported experiences; and expectations are based on what refugee participants believe to be the norm, not necessarily the reality. During interactions with the study cohort, it was observed that research participants were adhering to a narrative style that exclusively highlighted their vulnerabilities at the current cite of exile, a version that would essentially elicit the attention of the organizations that work with them. This study reiterates that durable solutions should be driven by the true potential and possibility of establishing a meaningful alternative to the broken State-citizenship-territory link that the refugees seek to regain in their sites of asylum and exile. Only then would refugees be able to assert themselves as veritable members of the political community they inhabit and lead meaningful lives that create fertile ground for self-actualization.
The past 25 years have seen a major paradigm shift in the field of violence prevention, from the assumption that violence is inevitable to the recognition that violence is preventable. Part of this shift has occurred in thinking about why violence occurs, and where intervention points might lie. In exploring the occurrence of violence, researchers have recognized the tendency for violent acts to cluster, to spread from place to place, and to mutate from one type to another. Furthermore, violent acts are often preceded or followed by other violent acts. In the field of public health, such a process has also been seen in the infectious disease model, in which an agent or vector initiates a specific biological pathway leading to symptoms of disease and infectivity. The agent transmits from individual to individual, and levels of the disease in the population above the baseline constitute an epidemic. Although violence does not have a readily observable biological agent as an initiator, it can follow similar epidemiological pathways. On April 30-May 1, 2012, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a workshop to explore the contagious nature of violence. Part of the Forum's mandate is to engage in multisectoral, multidirectional dialogue that explores crosscutting, evidence-based approaches to violence prevention, and the Forum has convened four workshops to this point exploring various elements of violence prevention. The workshops are designed to examine such approaches from multiple perspectives and at multiple levels of society. In particular, the workshop on the contagion of violence focused on exploring the epidemiology of the contagion, describing possible processes and mechanisms by which violence is transmitted, examining how contextual factors mitigate or exacerbate the issue. Contagion of Violence: Workshop Summary covers the major topics that arose during the 2-day workshop. It is organized by important elements of the infectious disease model so as to present the contagion of violence in a larger context and in a more compelling and comprehensive way.