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While the partnership has been a viable alternative to incorporation for centuries, the much more recent limited liability company (LLC) has increasingly become the business organization of choice for new firms in the United States. This Handbook inclu
Comparative study of withdrawal remedies in four jurisdictions to offer solutions to shareholder conflicts in small and medium enterprises.
Since a reform in 2010, foreign investors can establish a Foreign-Invested Limited Partnership Enterprise (FILPE) in China together with Chinese or foreign investors. The FILPE can be combined with a domestic or foreign corporate general partner, thus allowing for a structure that offers the flexibility and taxation conditions of a partnership while protecting its investors against personal liability like a company. The book explores from the perspective of a foreign investor if the FILPE is an attractive investment vehicle by analysing whether it provides the characteristics that are internationally recognized as constituting a standard corporate form. Among these characteristics, the three that are most strongly interconnected and interdependent form the core of the analysis: legal personality, limited liability and transferable ownership interest. These are analyzed in context of China's restrictive framework of foreign investment regulations and enterprise organization law.
This book draws together themes in business model developments in relation to decentralised business models (DBMs), sometimes referred to as the ‘sharing’ economy, to systematically analyse the challenges to corporate and organisational law and governance. DBMs include business networks, the global supply chain, public–private partnerships, the platform economy and blockchain-based enterprises. The law of organisational forms and governance has been slow in responding to changes, and reliance has been placed on innovations in contract law to support the business model developments. The authors argue that the law of organisations and governance can respond to changes in the phenomenon of decentralised business models driven by transformative technology and new socio-economic dynamics. They argue that principles underlying the law of organisations and governance, such as corporate governance, are crucial to constituting, facilitating and enabling reciprocality, mutuality, governance and redress in relation to these business models, the wealth-creation of which subscribes to neither a firm nor market system, is neither hierarchical nor totally decentralised, and incorporates socio-economic elements that are often enmeshed with incentives and relations. Of interest to academics, policymakers and legal practitioners, this book offers proposals for new thinking in the law of organisation and governance to advance the possibilities of a new socio-economic future.
Although they have the potential to create synergies, joint ventures by their nature contain inherent risk. Therefore, each partner in a joint venture needs to incentivize each other in order to maximize its own payoff. Extensive pre-contractual and post-contractual bargaining is essential. This book provides successful bargaining strategies from the point of view of each partner company. Using a game theoretical framework to analyze joint venture strategy, it describes practical and legal issues that arise when creating synergies and incentive bargaining in a joint venture. With a particular focus on intellectual property law, including analysis based on many real cases, the book covers issues relating to creating synergies, corporate law issues of conflicts of interest, and antitrust law issues relating to cooperation between independent companies. Theoretically new and practically useful, Joint Venture Strategies will appeal to academics and practicing lawyers. From a corporate perspective, this book is essential for successful joint venture planning and strategy.
The classroom is a microcosm of society, a dynamic space where young minds are nurtured and shaped. It is also a frontline where educators grapple with a myriad of challenges that often go unnoticed or undervalued. This book is an attempt to shed light on the complexities of the teaching profession by offering a firsthand account of the issues that educators encounter on a daily basis. Through the lens of experienced teachers, we delve into the heart of the educational landscape, exploring the challenges that range from curriculum development and assessment to classroom management and student well-being. We examine the impact of external factors such as policy changes, resource constraints, and societal pressures on the teaching and learning process. This book is not merely a catalogue of problems. Rather, it is a call to action, inviting readers to understand the challenges faced by educators and to work collaboratively towards solutions. It is our hope that this book will serve as a catalyst for dialogue, reflection, and positive change in education. We have discussed about the Learning Poverty, a new and untouched concept in the academia. Ultimately, the success of any education system hinges on the dedication and expertise of its teachers. By sharing their experiences and insights, the contributors to this book aim to empower educators, inspire policymakers, and advocate for the creation of supportive and nurturing learning environments for all students.
Less than a decade after the Financial Crisis, we are witnessing the fast emergence of a new financial order driven by three different, yet interconnected, dynamics: first, the rapid application of technology - such as big data, machine learning, and distributed computing - to banking, lending, and investing, in particular with the emergence of virtual currencies and digital finance; second, a disintermediation fuelled by the rise of peer-to-peer lending platforms and crowd investment which challenge the traditional banking model and may, over time, lead to a transformation of the way both retail and corporate customers bank; and, third, a tendency of de-bureaucratisation under which new platforms and technologies challenge established organisational patterns that regulate finance and manage the money supply. These changes are to a significant degree driven by the development of blockchain technology. The aim of this book is to understand the technological and business potential of the blockchain technology and to reflect on its legal challenges. The book mainly focuses on the challenges blockchain technology has so far faced in its first application in the areas of virtual money and finance, as well as those that it will inevitably face (and is partially already facing, as the SEC Investigative Report of June 2017 and an ongoing SEC securities fraud investigation show) as its domain of application expands in other fields of economic activity such as smart contracts and initial coin offerings. The book provides an unparalleled critical analysis of the disruptive potential of this technology for the economy and the legal system and contributes to current thinking on the role of law in harvesting and shaping innovation.
The Oxford Handbook of Fiduciary Law provides a comprehensive overview of fiduciary law, explaining how fiduciary principles operate across diverse substantive fields and legal systems. Unparalleled in its breadth and depth of coverage, the Handbook represents an invaluable resource for practitioners, policymakers, scholars, and students of this essential field of law.
Written by leading scholars and judges in the field, the Research Handbook on Representative Shareholder Litigation is a modern-day survey of the state of shareholder litigation. Its chapters cover securities class actions, merger litigation, derivative suits, and appraisal litigation, as well as other forms of shareholder litigation. Through in-depth analysis of these different forms of litigation, the book explores the agency costs inherent in representative litigation, the challenges of multijurisdictional litigation and disclosure-only settlements, and the rise of institutional investors. It explores how related issues are addressed across the globe, with examinations of shareholder litigation in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Israel, and China. This Research Handbook will be an invaluable resource on this important topic for scholars, practitioners, judges and legislators.