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The Government intends to place an immigration cap on non-EEA economic migrants to the UK. This is currently controlled through the points based system (PBS) under which those wishing to work or study in the UK must gain points for certain attributes in order to qualify for entry. The PBS consists of five tiers: Tier 1: Highly-skilled migrants; Tier 2: Skilled workers with a job offer; Tier 3: Low skilled workers (indefinitely suspended); Tier 4: Students; Tier 5: Temporary Workers and Youth Mobility (primarily non-economic routes). This report examines: the impact a cap would have on the ability of UK business and industries to recruit the skills and staff they require; the numbers of skilled and non-skilled migrants likely to be affected by a cap on Tiers 1 and 2; the impact and effectiveness of a 'first come, first served' or a pool system for highly skilled migrants under Tier 1; and of a 'first come, first served', a pool, or an auction, system for skilled migrants under Tier 2; whether and how intra-company transfers should be included in a cap; the implications of merging the Resident Labour Market Test and Shortage Occupation Lists; whether dependents should be included in the cap, and the effect of including them. Overall, the Committee believes a cap would make little difference to immigration unless it was set at virtually zero. There is a risk that a permanent cap could hamper businesses, prevent top-class international professionals from coming to the UK and damage the UK's ability to recruit the most distinguished scientists into universities.
This annual publication describes the recent trends in international migration, the magnitude of flows, the different channels for immigration and the nationality of the immigrants concerned.
This analysis of the recent trends of migration movements and policies covers all OECD countries and certain non-member countries. It provides a comprehensive description of these flows, the different channels of immigration and the nationalities of the migrants concerned.
This report presents an analysis of recent trends in migration movements and policies in OECD countries as well as in certain non-member countries. It includes a detailed description of the flows, the different channels of immigration and the ...
Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.
This report from the Home Affairs Select Committee cautions the Government against introducing measures which could damage the UK's thriving educational export sector. The Committee remains concerned that a number of the Government proposals could have serious unintended consequences. International students make up 10% of first degree students and over 40% of postgraduate students at UK universities. The international student market, estimated to be worth £40 billion to the UK economy is a significant growth market and the UK is the second most popular destination in the world for international students. The Committee's findings include: the importance of the Post-Study Work route in attracting students to the UK and disagrees with the Government proposal to close it; it suggests alternatives to the Government's proposals on language requirements, specifically a permanent change to the parameters of the student visitor visa so that it can be used as a viable route for all of those attending pre-degree programmes; it supports the Government's proposals to tighten the accreditation of language schools but is concerned that Government approval of the current accreditation bodies has lapsed. The Committee calls for a single streamlined accreditation system and agrees that any cap on student visas is unnecessary and undesirable; the Committee also notes that progress has been made on closing down bogus language schools and supports the Government's intention to crack down on bogus colleges and bogus students but it is not persuaded that students are migrants, as defined by the UN and suggests that students ought to be excluded from net migration numbers. The Committee also raises concerns that the data used in assessing migration figures are not fit for purpose and could inhibit effective policy making.
Revised and updated, the fourth edition of The Economics of Tourism Destinations provides a guide to the economic aspects of tourism for students and practitioners to decipher the methods of measurement of supply, demand, trends and impacts as well as the role of tourism in development strategy for destinations and regional development. Each chapter combines theory and practice, and international case studies are provided. New to this edition: Three brand new chapters on overtourism, terrorism and pandemics, and sustainable development, covering the importance of risk management and sustainable strategy in relation to tourism management. New content on climate change, Airbnb, the impact of events and sustainable tourism development. Pedagogical features: new case studies, discussion questions and student activities to show theory in practice and encourage reflection on the content. Updated data throughout and reference to important new literature. Combining macro and micro aspects of economics to the tourism destination, this book is an invaluable resource for students studying this topic.
The conditions for non-EU migrant workers to gain legal entry to Britain, France, and Germany are at the same time similar and quite different. To explain this variation this book compares the fine-grained legal categories for migrant workers in each country, and examines the interaction of economic, social, and cultural rationales in determining migrant legality. Rather than investigating the failure of borders to keep unauthorized migrants out, the author highlights the different policies of each country as “border-drawing” actions. Policymakers draw lines between different migrant groups, and between migrants and citizens, through considerations of both their economic utility and skills, but also their places of origin and prospects for social integration. Overall, migrant worker legality is arranged against the backdrop of the specific vision each country has of itself in an economically competitive, globalized world with rapidly changing welfare and citizenship models.