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Our nation's court systems have been affected in recent years by developments that have necessitated a change in the way they conduct business. Budget allotments have been reduced at a time when high-profile crimes, such as domestic violence and sexual offenses, are attracting increased public interest in court activities. This public attention has resulted in legislation that mandates increased and automated disposition reporting to state and federal repositories. To comply with new legislative sentencing strategies such as three-strike laws and diversion programs, courts must have access to a range of information sources not necessary or available in the past. Although information technology provides useful tools for responding to these increased demands, it brings a new set of responsibilities for justice agencies such as law enforcement, prosecution, public defense, and corrections. These agencies must develop: Ground rules, protocols, and priorities to govern the exchange and security of data that each previously maintained using their own standards; New funding and procurement procedures to guide the acquisition, maintenance, and upgrade of integrated information systems used by separate agencies that are often under the control of different government entities; New standards to ensure that the complexities of the justice process are protected as information services move into the electronic realm. As part of the Court Information Systems Technical Assistance Project, a National Task Force on Court Automation and Integration was formed to identify the key issues of and challenges to justice system automation and integration from the perspective of the courts. From late 1997 to mid-1998, the task force conducted a series of extensive discussions—augmented by an integration survey sent to more than 150 court administrators and information services managers nationwide and a state-by-state assessment of court automation—to determine the status and direction of court automation and integration. From these activities, the task force compiled a list of nine findings and four broad categories of recommended strategies that court system administrators may use to guide automation and integration projects in their jurisdictions.
This report presents study results and recommendation intended to illustrate the potential contributions of science and technology to crime control. The report supplements and amplifies the discussion of science and technology in the general report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, entitled "The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society." Two chapters address the application of technology in police apprehension of criminals. Topics considered are the use of technology to reduce police response time, means to modernize the command and control process, and how to relieve the radio frequency congestion in most large police departments. Another chapter discusses aspects of court management, corrections, and crime prevention. The court- management discussion focuses on delay reduction in case processing. Two aspects of corrections addressed are the use of programmed instruction as a rehabilitation aid, and the use of statistical techniques to aid in correctional decisionmaking. Auto ignition redesign and street lighting are discussed as technological means to reduce crime opportunities. A chapter examines the uses of systems analysis for the study of the entire criminal justice system as an integrated whole. One chapter considers the potential role of modern information technology in the development of an integrated criminal justice information system. The final chapter outlines a program of research and development by which the Federal Government can stimulate a major infusion of science and technology into the criminal justice process and counter the broader problems of crime control.