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Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.
This paper reviews the performance of the UK's flexible inflation targeting framework against the internationally-accepted monetary policy objective of price stability, a pre-requisite to longer-term growth and macroeconomic stability. Chapters cover the historical and international context, monetary policy frameworks and monetary policy instruments. The paper gives the Monetary Policy Committee's revised remit at Budget 2013. The Government has retained a flexible inflation target framework. The inflation target of 2 per cent, as measured by the 12-month increase in the Consumer Prices Index, is re-affirmed. The remit has been updated to clarify the trade-offs that are involved in setting monetary policy to meet a forward-looking inflation target, and in forming and communicating its judgements the MPC should promote understanding of these trade-offs. The remit continues to require an exchange of open letters between the Governor of the Bank of England and the Chancellor of the Exchequer if inflation moves away from the target by more than 1 percentage point in either direction. The open letter from the Governor should now be sent alongside the minutes of the MPC meeting that followed the publication of the CPI data. The remit requests that the MPC provides in its August 2013 inflation report an assessment of the merits of using intermediate thresholds - policy commitments conditional on future economic developments. The remit also reflects the Government's intention that the frameworks for monetary policy and macro-prudential policy, operated by the MPC and FPC of the Bank of England respectively, should be coordinated.
How has the Bank of Japan (BOJ) helped shape Japan's economic growth during the past two decades? This book comprehensively explores the relations between financial market liberalization and BOJ policies and examines the ways in which these policies promoted economic growth in the 1980s. The authors argue that the structure of Japan's financial markets, particularly restrictions on money-market transactions and the key role of commercial banks in financing corporate investments, allowed the BOJ to influence Japan's economic success. The first two chapters provide the most in-depth English-language discussion of the BOJ's operating procedures and policymaker's views about how BOJ actions affect the Japanese business cycle. Chapter three explores the impact of the BOJ's distinctive window guidance policy on corporate investment, while chapter four looks at how monetary policy affects the term structure of interest rates in Japan. The final two chapters examine the overall effect of monetary policy on real aggregate economic activity. This volume will prove invaluable not only to economists interested in the technical operating procedures of the BOJ, but also to those interested in the Japanese economy and in the operation and outcome of monetary reform in general.
Policymakers and program managers are continually seeking ways to improve accountability in achieving an entity's mission. A key factor in improving accountability in achieving an entity's mission is to implement an effective internal control system. An effective internal control system helps an entity adapt to shifting environments, evolving demands, changing risks, and new priorities. As programs change and entities strive to improve operational processes and implement new technology, management continually evaluates its internal control system so that it is effective and updated when necessary. Section 3512 (c) and (d) of Title 31 of the United States Code (commonly known as the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)) requires the Comptroller General to issue standards for internal control in the federal government.
Experts estimate that as many as 98,000 people die in any given year from medical errors that occur in hospitals. That's more than die from motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, or AIDSâ€"three causes that receive far more public attention. Indeed, more people die annually from medication errors than from workplace injuries. Add the financial cost to the human tragedy, and medical error easily rises to the top ranks of urgent, widespread public problems. To Err Is Human breaks the silence that has surrounded medical errors and their consequenceâ€"but not by pointing fingers at caring health care professionals who make honest mistakes. After all, to err is human. Instead, this book sets forth a national agendaâ€"with state and local implicationsâ€"for reducing medical errors and improving patient safety through the design of a safer health system. This volume reveals the often startling statistics of medical error and the disparity between the incidence of error and public perception of it, given many patients' expectations that the medical profession always performs perfectly. A careful examination is made of how the surrounding forces of legislation, regulation, and market activity influence the quality of care provided by health care organizations and then looks at their handling of medical mistakes. Using a detailed case study, the book reviews the current understanding of why these mistakes happen. A key theme is that legitimate liability concerns discourage reporting of errorsâ€"which begs the question, "How can we learn from our mistakes?" Balancing regulatory versus market-based initiatives and public versus private efforts, the Institute of Medicine presents wide-ranging recommendations for improving patient safety, in the areas of leadership, improved data collection and analysis, and development of effective systems at the level of direct patient care. To Err Is Human asserts that the problem is not bad people in health careâ€"it is that good people are working in bad systems that need to be made safer. Comprehensive and straightforward, this book offers a clear prescription for raising the level of patient safety in American health care. It also explains how patients themselves can influence the quality of care that they receive once they check into the hospital. This book will be vitally important to federal, state, and local health policy makers and regulators, health professional licensing officials, hospital administrators, medical educators and students, health caregivers, health journalists, patient advocatesâ€"as well as patients themselves. First in a series of publications from the Quality of Health Care in America, a project initiated by the Institute of Medicine
This comprehensive book critically examines and presents in detail, a conceptual framework on various components/structures of a formal financial system which includes financial institutions, financial markets, financial instruments/securities, financial services, financial regulations and regulatory authorities. It brings to its readers the ever-changing organisational, structural, institutional, regulatory and policy developments in the financial sector of India. The book contains 36 chapters divided in 6 parts. Part A, Financial System, comprising 3 chapters, provides an overview of the Indian financial system, economic development and the financial sector reforms in India. Part B, Financial Markets contains 11 chapters to provide an in-depth analyses of different elements of Indian financial markets. Part C, Financial Instruments comprises 3 chapters to deal with instrumentation side of the financial system. Part D, Financial Institutions, includes 7 chapters to provide an in-depth knowledge about institutions functioning in the financial system. Part E, Financial Servicescomprises 10 chapters to put readers’ attention towards financial services that do facilitate the components of core financial system. Part F, Financial Regulationsincludes 2 chapters to deliberate on the financial regulations and the role of regulatory authorities. The book is designed as an essential textbook for a course on Indian Financial System for both undergraduate and postgraduate students of management, economics, finance and commerce as well as other related professional courses, like ICAI, ICWAI, ICSI, ICFAI, and CAIIB. Key features • Includes Basel norms to manage risk in commercial banks. It also contains various current topics for the convenience of the readers. • Highlights changes and amendments brought in within the rules, regulations, and guidelines, made by the authorities, like SEBI and RBI. • Incorporated with pedagogical tools, such as tables, figures, appendices, review questions, and MCQs (on selected topics). • Solution manual containing answers to the MCQs and Numerical Problems is available on demand. • Includes an exhaustive glossary of terms to explain the core concepts. • PowerPoint slides available online at http://phindia.com/das-financial-system-in-india to provide integrated learning to the students.A
This report discusses the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) comprising nine members, two ex officio members, and other members as appointed by the President representing major departments and agencies within the federal executive branch. While the group generally has operated in relative obscurity, the proposed acquisition of commercial operations at six U.S. ports by Dubai Ports World in 2006 placed the group's operations under intense scrutiny by Members of Congress and the public.
A few words about this book on the ‘’Magnitude of co-operative credit Defaults by Farmers in YSR District of Andhra Pradesh”(with references to primary agricultural co-operative societies). This book is focused on agriculture credit structure in India as well as YSR District and reasons of agricultural credit defaults in primary agricultural co-operative societies in YSR District. Give the suggestions to reduce the agricultural credit defaults and enhance the agriculture credit supply in rural areas. In my hopes book is used to co-operative students at the training centres the students of commerce and co-operation in the colleges and universities would be benefited in understanding through this humble endeavour of mine the techniques of co-operative societies for providing where withal to the million of un organised poor peasants, I shall feel more than rewarded for this venture on my part.