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This book explores the central problems underlying the insurance of aviation war and terrorism risks and associated perils. It critically analyses the reasons why conventional insurance markets are unwilling or unable to provide sustainable insurance coverage for aviation war and terrorism risks in the aftermath of catastrophic events such as the terrorist events of September 11, 2001. It also examines some of the prominent concepts proposed and/or implemented after 9/11 to determine whether and to what extent these concepts avoid identified pitfalls. Like many of life’s essentials, the importance of insurance is most evident when it is not available. The sheer scale and magnitude of the insurance losses that followed 9/11 caused conventional insurance markets (which hitherto had been offering generous insurance coverage for aviation war and terrorism risks to air transport operators for little or no premium) to withdraw coverage forthwith. The ensuing absence or insufficiency of commercial insurance coverage for aviation war and terrorism risks has sparked a global search for viable and sustainable alternatives. Ten years have since elapsed, and despite numerous efforts, the fundamental problems remain unresolved. The book proceeds on the premise that the underlying issues are not entirely legal in nature; they have immense economic, psychological and policy implications that cannot be underestimated. A multidisciplinary approach is therefore used in examining the issues, drawing heavily upon analytical principles adapted from law and economics and behavioural law and economics. It is hoped that the resulting study will be beneficial not only to lawyers and those interested in aviation insurance but also to economists, air transport insurance program managers, capital market investors and governmental policymakers, both at the national and international levels.
In the 1990s, foreign direct investment began to swamp all other cross-border capital flows into developing countries. Does foreign direct investment support sound development? In particular, does it contribute to poverty reduction?
This report provides introductory perspectives on the costs of inaction on key environmental challenges and discusses some of the future problems likely to be encountered in this very complex area.
This concise study offers balanced & easily accessible analyses of the issues involved, focusing on an explanation of the issue; stock-taking & analysis; interaction with other issues & concepts; & economic & development implications & policy options.
This volume serves as the post-conference proceedings for the Second GeoSensor Networks Conference that was held in Boston, Massachusetts in October 2006. The conference addressed issues related to the collection, management, processing, ana- sis, and delivery of real-time geospatial data using distributed geosensor networks. This represents an evolution of the traditional static and centralized geocomputational paradigm, to support the collection of both temporally and spatially high-resolution, up-to-date data over a broad geographic area, and to use sensor networks as actuators in geographic space. Sensors in these environments can be static or mobile, and can be used to passively collect information about the environment or, eventually, to actively influence it. The research challenges behind this novel paradigm extend the frontiers of tra- tional GIS research further into computer science, addressing issues like data stream processing, mobile computing, location-based services, temporal-spatial queries over geosensor networks, adaptable middleware, sensor data integration and mining, au- mated updating of geospatial databases, VR modeling, and computer vision. In order to address these topics, the GSN 2006 conference brought together leading experts in these fields, and provided a three-day forum to present papers and exchange ideas.
First Published in 2008. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
This textbook offers a statistical view on the geometry of multiple view analysis, required for camera calibration and orientation and for geometric scene reconstruction based on geometric image features. The authors have backgrounds in geodesy and also long experience with development and research in computer vision, and this is the first book to present a joint approach from the converging fields of photogrammetry and computer vision. Part I of the book provides an introduction to estimation theory, covering aspects such as Bayesian estimation, variance components, and sequential estimation, with a focus on the statistically sound diagnostics of estimation results essential in vision metrology. Part II provides tools for 2D and 3D geometric reasoning using projective geometry. This includes oriented projective geometry and tools for statistically optimal estimation and test of geometric entities and transformations and their relations, tools that are useful also in the context of uncertain reasoning in point clouds. Part III is devoted to modelling the geometry of single and multiple cameras, addressing calibration and orientation, including statistical evaluation and reconstruction of corresponding scene features and surfaces based on geometric image features. The authors provide algorithms for various geometric computation problems in vision metrology, together with mathematical justifications and statistical analysis, thus enabling thorough evaluations. The chapters are self-contained with numerous figures and exercises, and they are supported by an appendix that explains the basic mathematical notation and a detailed index. The book can serve as the basis for undergraduate and graduate courses in photogrammetry, computer vision, and computer graphics. It is also appropriate for researchers, engineers, and software developers in the photogrammetry and GIS industries, particularly those engaged with statistically based geometric computer vision methods.