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Newly revised in 2011. Contains the auditing standards promulgated by the Comptroller General of the United States. Known as the Yellow Book. Includes the professional standards and guidance, commonly referred to as generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS), which provide a framework for conducting high quality government audits and attestation engagements with competence, integrity, objectivity, and independence. These standards are for use by auditors of government entities and entities that receive government awards and audit organizations performing GAGAS audits and attestation engagements.
Originally published in 1976, this book describes one of the most important and colourful episodes in black Africa’s twentieth-century history. Kwame Nkrumah, the dynamic leader who brought Ghana to independence in 1957, abandoned the Westminster model of representative government to which his country once seemed so well suited. He reached out towards the goals of Pan-Africanism and socialism, emphasizing the primacy of political action to regenerate his people and their continent. But his vision of the ‘political kingdom’ led quickly to the destruction of his Republic and his hopes. Using the (then) latest evidence to examine political life, parliament, civil service, farmers, workers and army in Ghana’s first Republic, the author argues that Nkrumah’s experiment failed because his rule was strong enough to distort traditional values but was unable to transform them. The result was a bizarre and paralysing mixture of despotism and anarchy which defied political analysis in conventional terms.
State development in Africa is risky, even life-threatening. Heads of state must weigh the advantage of promoting political and economic development against the risk of fortifying dangerous political rivals. This book takes a novel approach to the study of neopatrimonial rule by placing security concerns at the center of state-building. Using quantitative evidence from 44 African countries and in-depth case studies of Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire, Rabinowitz demonstrates that the insecurities of the African state make strategically aligning with rural leaders critical to political success. Leaders who cultivate the goodwill of the countryside are better able to endure sporadic urban unrest, subdue political challengers, minimize ethnic and regional discord, and prevent a military uprising. Such regimes are more likely to build infrastructure needed for economic and political development. In so doing, Rabinowitz upends the long-held assumption that African leaders must cater to urban constituents to secure their rule.