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A dense sheet of electrons accelerated to close to the speed of light can act as a tuneable mirror that can generate bright bursts of laser-like radiation in the short wavelength range simply via the reflection of a counter-propagating laser pulse. This thesis investigates the generation of such a relativistic electron mirror structure in a series of experiments accompanied by computer simulations. It is shown that such relativistic mirror can indeed be created from the interaction of a high-intensity laser pulse with a nanometer-scale, ultrathin foil. The reported work gives a intriguing insight into the complex dynamics of high-intensity laser-nanofoil interactions and constitutes a major step towards the development of a relativistic mirror, which could potentially generate bright burst of X-rays on a micro-scale.
University Physics is a three-volume collection that meets the scope and sequence requirements for two- and three-semester calculus-based physics courses. Volume 1 covers mechanics, sound, oscillations, and waves. Volume 2 covers thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, and Volume 3 covers optics and modern physics. This textbook emphasizes connections between between theory and application, making physics concepts interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. Frequent, strong examples focus on how to approach a problem, how to work with the equations, and how to check and generalize the result. The text and images in this textbook are grayscale.
This book presents a generalization of transforms from the frames co-moving with an accelerated particle for uniform circular or linear motion into an inertial frame of reference. The solutions presented here will be of great interest for real-time applications because earth-bound laboratories are inertial only in approximation. The motivation behind this is that real life applications include accelerating and rotating frames with arbitrary orientations more often than the idealized case of inertial frames. The book is divided into three main sections: the first deals with the theory of dynamics, while the second section deals with the application of theory to the derivation of the relativistic fictitious forces (Coriolis, centrifugal and Euler) occurring in a rotating frame and D’Alembert for a linearly accelerated frame. The third section deals with the Thomas Wigner effect. This is the first book on the subject and it will be of great interest for physics students, physics professors, and engineers.
Explores the uses of TXRF in micro- and trace analysis, and in surface- and near-surface-layer analysis • Pinpoints new applications of TRXF in different fields of biology, biomonitoring, material and life sciences, medicine, toxicology, forensics, art history, and archaeometry • Updated and detailed sections on sample preparation taking into account nano- and picoliter techniques • Offers helpful tips on performing analyses, including sample preparations, and spectra recording and interpretation • Includes some 700 references for further study
This volume on Ultrafast Magnetism is a collection of articles presented at the international “Ultrafast Magnetization Conference” held at the Congress Center in Strasbourg, France, from October 28th to November 1st, 2013. This first conference, which is intended to be held every two years, received a wonderful attendance and gathered scientists from 27 countries in the field of Femtomagnetism, encompassing many theoretical and experimental research subjects related to the spins dynamics in bulk or nanostructured materials. The participants appreciated this unique opportunity for discussing new ideas and debating on various physical interpretations of the reported phenomena. The format of a single session with many oral contributions as well as extensive time for poster presentations allowed researchers to have a detailed overview of the field. Importantly, one could sense that, in addition to studying fundamental magnetic phenomena, ultrafast magnetism has entered in a phase where applied physics and engineering are playing an important role. Several devices are being proposed with exciting R&D perspectives in the near future, in particular for magnetic recording, time resolved magnetic imaging and spin polarized transport, therefore establishing connections between various aspects of modern magnetism. Simultaneously, the diversity of techniques and experimental configurations has flourished during the past years, employing in particular Xrays, visible, infra-red and terahertz radiations. It was also obvious that an important effort is being made for tracking the dynamics of spins and magnetic domains at the nanometer scale, opening the pathway to exciting future developments. The concerted efforts between theoretical and experimental approaches for explaining the dynamical behaviors of angular momentum and energy levels, on different classes of magnetic materials, are worth pointing out. Finally it was unanimously recognized that the quality of the scientific oral and poster presentations contributed to bring the conference to a very high international standard.
With its many beautiful colour pictures, this book gives fascinating insights into the unusual forms and behaviour of matter under extremely high pressures and temperatures. These extreme states are generated, among other things, by strong shock, detonation and electric explosion waves, dense laser beams, electron and ion beams, hypersonic entry of spacecraft into dense atmospheres of planets and in many other situations characterized by extremely high pressures and temperatures. Written by one of the world's foremost experts on the topic, this book will inform and fascinate all scientists dealing with materials properties and physics and also serve as an excellent introduction to plasma-, shock-wave and high-energy-density physics for students and newcomers seeking an overview. This second edition is thoroughly revised and expanded, in particular with new material on high energy-density physics, nuclear explosions and other nuclear transformation processes.
This monograph is based upon the proceedings of the Summer Institute, Physics of the Magnetosphere, held on the Boston College campus, lune 19-28, 1967. The pro gram consisted of invited speakers selected by the Editors. An attempt was made to provide comprehensive treatment of all topics of primary relevance to magneto spheric physics, but, of course, some areas received greater coverage than others. The first portion of the conference consisted of tutoriallectures, four each, by five distinguished scientists, and these are presented in Part I of the monograph. The artides appearing in Part I were prepared by the Editors from tapes of the actual lectures. Preliminary manuscripts were prepared and each tutoriallecturer was given the opportunity to make changes or improvements that were incorporated into the final manuscript. H. R. Radoski prepared the lectures of Professor Helliwell; 1. F. McClay prepared the lectures of Professor Dessler and the first two of Professor Dungey; and the remaining lectures of Professors Dungey, Parker, and Van Allen were prepared by me. An effort was made for the most part to write each manuscript in the style of the lectures, but the incongruities of spoken English and the number of scribes in the kitchen undoubtedly limited our success. Everyone knows that English is written far better than it is spoken, although for some reason the spoken word is more dear.