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This dissertation draws upon two theories to frame an investigation of communication strategies for alleviating the stress associated with raising children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Relational turbulence theory highlights relationship qualities that emerge during transitions and complicate marital functioning. In particular, the theory explains how doubts about the future of the relationship and perceptions of goal interference amplify negative experiences in romantic relationships. The experiencing life transitions model from the field of nursing identifies how attempts to increase interaction, feel connected, feel situated, and increase confidence contribute to a successful transition. In a preliminary study, these behaviors were associated with improved relational quality, as well as more positive transition experiences and outcomes among married partners in the general population. Building on that foundation, the dissertation presents two studies that examine the communication strategies that help parents of children with ASD reduce relational turbulence during stressful transitions throughout their childs life.Study 1 surveys the landscape of transitions specific to parents of children with ASD, examines how characteristics of married relationships vary based on the type of transition experienced, and explores the communication and cognitions couples use to navigate marital transitions in this context. The study examined the transition experiences of 298 parents of children with ASD who were currently married. Participants detailed an important transition throughout the life span of their child with ASD using open-ended questions. They completed scales assessing qualities of the relationship during the transition and communication behaviors used to navigate the experience. Results demonstrate significant differences in relational qualities based on the type of transition described. In particular, the initial diagnosis received the highest ratings for transition magnitude and relational turbulence, and it was considered the most negative transition experience compared to other common transitions. Starting school for the first time was associated with the most positive transition experience ratings. Transition processing communication predicted participants experiences of relational uncertainty and facilitation from a partner, which predicted relational turbulence. Study 2 expands on the results from Study 1 by incorporating a longitudinal, pre- and post-test design with diary surveys. Specifically, the goal of Study 2 was to examine how married partners transition processing communication affects their own and their spouses experiences of relational uncertainty, changes in interdependence, and relational turbulence. Fifty-three couples, parents whose child with ASD started school for the first time this year, completed a pre-test, 14 dairies, and a post-test. Participants completed diary entries every three days over a 42-day period of time, beginning on the childs first day of school. Findings for Study 2 suggest that married partners engagement in transition processing communication (and perception of their spouses communication) significantly affect their own and their spouses daily experiences of relational uncertainty, interference and facilitation from a partner, and relational turbulence. Parents reported turmoil in the relationship increased over the course of the transition, while the use of transition processing communication decreased or stayed the same. For daily experiences, spouses perception of their partners attempts to increase interaction, feel connected, feel situated, and increase confidence in the relationship were associated with decreased relational uncertainty and relational turbulence, and increased facilitation from a partner. In assessments of participants linear trends on the variables of interest, increases in husbands and wives transition processing communication throughout the course of the study coincided with improvement in their own reports of relational turbulence variables from pre-test to post-test. Perceptions of a spouses engagement in transition processing communication demonstrated similar effects, particularly for women; however, increases in ones perceptions of a partners engagement in transition processing coincided with increases in partner uncertainty. Husbands and wives reports of their own engagement in transition processing communication demonstrated few significant effects on their partners reports of relational turbulence variables.
Communication scholars have long recognized the importance of understanding associations between our bodies and communication messages and processes. In the past decade, there has been an increased focus on the role of physiology in interpersonal interactions, resulting in a surge of research exploring topics related to communication in close relationships. This growing line of research explores topics such as affectionate communication, forgiveness, communication apprehension, and social support. Contributing to the increase in physiological research on communication processes is a greater recognition of the bi-directional nature of the associations between communication and the body. Researchers study both the physiological outcomes of communication episodes (e.g., stress responses to conflict conversations), as well as the effects of physiology on communication process (e.g., the influence of hormones on post-sex communication). The Oxford Handbook of the Physiology of Interpersonal Communication offers a comprehensive review of the most prolific areas of research investigating both the physiological outcomes of interpersonal communication and the effects of physiology on interpersonal interactions. This volume brings together thirty-three leading scholars in the field and draws on research from communication studies, physiology, psychology, and neuroscience. Based on quantitative research methods, the Handbook serves as a resource for both researchers and students interested in investigating the mutual influence of physiology and communication in close relationships.
A fundamental assumption underlying the formation of our most important relationships is that they will persist indefinitely into the future. As an acquaintanceship turns into a friend ship, for example, both members of this newly formed interpersonal bond are likely to expect that their interactions will become increasingly frequent, diverse, and intimate over time. This expectation is perhaps most apparent in romantically involved couples who, through a variety of verbal and symbolic means, make explicit pledges to a long-lasting relationship. In either case, it is clear that these relationships represent something valuable to the individuals in volved and are pursued with great enthusiasm. Virtually all close relationships are formed within the context of mutually rewarding in teractions and/or strong physical attraction between partners. Friends and romantically in volved couples alike are drawn to one another because of similarity of attitudes, interests, and personality and, quite simply, because they enjoy one another's company. This enjoyment, cou pled with the novelty that characterizes new relationships, almost makes the continuation of the relationship a foregone conclusion. As relationships progress, however, their novelty fades, conflicts may arise between partners, negative life events may occur, and the satisfaction that previously characterized the relationships may diminish.
Nearly 1.9 million U.S. troops have been deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq since October 2001. Many service members and veterans face serious challenges in readjusting to normal life after returning home. This initial book presents findings on the most critical challenges, and lays out the blueprint for the second phase of the study to determine how best to meet the needs of returning troops and their families.
Smith and Steven R.
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The U.S. military has been continuously engaged in foreign conflicts for over two decades. The strains that these deployments, the associated increases in operational tempo, and the general challenges of military life affect not only service members but also the people who depend on them and who support them as they support the nation â€" their families. Family members provide support to service members while they serve or when they have difficulties; family problems can interfere with the ability of service members to deploy or remain in theater; and family members are central influences on whether members continue to serve. In addition, rising family diversity and complexity will likely increase the difficulty of creating military policies, programs and practices that adequately support families in the performance of military duties. Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society examines the challenges and opportunities facing military families and what is known about effective strategies for supporting and protecting military children and families, as well as lessons to be learned from these experiences. This report offers recommendations regarding what is needed to strengthen the support system for military families.
` ...a profoundly significant book on a topic rarely discussed and little researched, dealing with sudden or unexpected death. The authors have brought together the latest knowledge in the field, and explore how social networks and professionals working with the bereaved can help. This is an important book for all of us, who will sadly one day experience this... it is a must read for those in the field and those suffering.' - Cary L. Cooper, CBE, Distinguished Professor of Organizational Psychology and Health, Lancaster University `It is nothing short of impressive. Yes, more than impressive, because the down-to-earth nature of the studies and the reader-friendly presentation makes this textbook a gift to us all. And by all of us, I do in fact mean all.' - From the Foreword by Magne Raundalen Effective Grief and Bereavement Support shows how social networks, whether they be friends, colleagues or family, can provide an important source of support following sudden bereavement. Individuals in social networks surrounding bereaved people often feel very uncertain about how best to offer support following the death of someone close. As a result of this, people often find that their relationships with friends and family suffer in the wake of bereavement. Kari and Atle Dyregrov provide concrete, evidence-based advice about how support processes can be improved. Issues covered include common reactions to grief, problems that can arise within families as a result, when to involve professional assistance, how to help bereaved children, and the main principles for effective network support. This book will be essential reading for counsellors, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, priests, police, community doctors, hospital staff and teachers, as well bereaved families and those who support them.
Provides an interdisciplinary perspective on behaviors and strategies used to maintain intimate relationships.
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