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Elections have always been an integral part of post-independence African politics and have assumed utmost importance in the course of recent democratisation processes. However, comparative research on the political development in Africa lacks reliable electoral data. Elections in Africa fills this cap. The handbook is the only reliable source for African elections from independence to present. In the first volume of this series, Elections in Africa presents a country-by-country study of African nations that provides a comparative introduction on elections and electoral systems. Each country chapter examines the history of the institutional and electoral arrangements, the evolution of suffrage and current electoral provisions. Precise and exhaustive data on national elections and referendums are presented comparatively. The book provides a definitive and comprehensive set of data on elections and electoral systems in order to facilitate comparative research. Data is presented in a systematic manner allowing for both historical and cross-national comparisons.
First published in 1999, the essays in this book examine the context and conduct of a series of watershed elections held in Anglophone Africa in the first half of the 1990s. These elections crystallized a wider process of democratization, underway in much of sub-Saharan Africa during the last decade, in which attempts were made to shift from various forms of authoritarian rule (colonial or racial oligarchies, military regimes, one-party states, or presidential rule) to pluralist parliamentary politics. This volume brings together for the first time, studies of these events in countries sharing a comparable legacy of British colonialism, an acquaintance with the Westminster constitutional tradition and related experiences of decolonization and democratic struggle. Written from a variety of perspectives by contributors with first-hand knowledge and long experience of research in Africa, the papers situate each election in its wider political context, examining the political forces at work and the events which gave rise to reform. All indicate that, despite Western pressure for reform and the influence of the collapse of the Soviet Bloc in Eastern Europe, internal African demands for democracy provided the primary driving force for change. Not all the elections fulfilled the hopes invested in them. In Nigeria, they were annulled before all the votes had been counted. In Kenya, the disarray of the opposition ensured the return to power of the old order. Even where they produced a successful regime transition, the democratic credentials of the new governments were sometimes seriously flawed. Yet for all these limitations, these watershed elections signalled important progress for African democracy. They brought a formal end to colonial rule in Namibia and to three centuries of racial discrimination in South Africa. They brought changes of government through the ballot box in Zambia and Malawi, among the first instances in Africa of such change being accomplished without the use of force. Above all, they provided African electorates with an opportunity to pass judgement on long-serving authoritarian regimes – with unequivocal results: in every case, when given the chance to vote, Africans voted for democracy.
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 47. Chapters: Referendums in Algeria, Referendums in Botswana, Referendums in Burundi, Referendums in Chad, Referendums in Comoros, Referendums in Egypt, Referendums in Ethiopia, Referendums in Ghana, Referendums in Guinea, Referendums in Kenya, Referendums in Liberia, Referendums in Libya, Referendums in Madagascar, Referendums in Malawi, Referendums in Mayotte, Referendums in Niger, Referendums in Senegal, Referendums in Sierra Leone, Referendums in Somalia, Referendums in South Africa, Referendums in Sudan, Referendums in Swaziland, Referendums in Sao Tome and Principe, Referendums in Uganda, Referendums in Zimbabwe, Referendums in the Central African Republic, Referendums in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Referendums in the Gambia, Referendums in the Republic of the Congo, Southern Sudanese independence referendum, 2011, 2011 Egyptian constitutional referendum, Zimbabwean constitutional referendum, 2000, United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara, Kenyan constitutional referendum, 2010, Nigerien constitutional referendum, 2009, Kenyan constitutional referendum, 2005, Southern Rhodesian sweepstakes referendum, 1934, South African apartheid referendum, 1992, Malagasy constitutional referendum, 2010, Egyptian constitutional referendum, 2005, Mahoran status referendum, 2009, Tricameral Parliament, Chadian constitutional referendum, 2005, South African republic referendum, 1960, Botswana judicial reform referendum, 2001, Algerian national reconciliation referendum, 2005, Somaliland constitutional referendum, 2001, Chadian constitutional referendum, 1996, Southern Rhodesian government referendum, 1922, Liberian constitutional referendum, 2011, Ugandan multi-party referendum, 2005, Malagasy constitutional referendum, 2007, Democratic Republic of the Congo constitutional referendum, 2005, Guinean...
Updated edition of : Referendums. c1978.
Do elections turn people into democratic citizens? Elections have long been seen as a way to foster democracy, development and security in Africa, with many hoping that the secret ballot would transform states. Adopting a new approach that focusses on the moral economy of elections, Nic Cheeseman, Gabrielle Lynch and Justin Willis show how elections are shaped by competing visions of what it means to be a good leader, bureaucrat or citizen. Using a mixed-methods study of elections in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda, they explore moral claims made by officials, politicians, civil society, international observers and voters themselves. This radical new lens reveals that elections are the site of intense moral contestation, which helps to explain why there is such vigourous participation in processes that often seem flawed. Demonstrating the impact of these debates on six decades of electoral practice, they explain why the behaviour of those involved so frequently transgresses national law and international norms, as well as the ways in which such transgressions are evaluated and critiqued – so that despite the purported significance of 'vote-buying', the candidates that spend the most do not always win.
Explores the emerging role of mass politics in Africa's fledgling democracies.