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The book is a comparative history of twentieth-century Cuban campesinos in two regions in Cuba marked by extreme differences in race, gender, and land tenure: Oriente and Escambray. It explores the ways these differences articulated with state formation from the pre-revolutionary period of 1934-1959 and then 1959-1974 and seeks to explain why campesinos in Escambray, having been active in the insurrection against Batista, later turned to stage a massive counter-revolution against the government headed by Fidel Castro. Although campesinos in both regions had been equally ignored by pre-1959 governments for different reasons, they developed two distinct understandings of what the role of the state should be in response to political neglect. Rich archival sources—many of which have not been accessed previously—document the unique shape of land struggles in each region in the 1930s through the 1950s. The author argues that because of the way race and gender and a collectivist land tenure tradition in Oriente mapped nicely onto the goals of the 1959 Revolution, Oriente became a kind of revolutionary showcase. In Escambray, on the other hand, a construct of white masculinity, tied to private property ownership, directly contravened the goals of the Revolution, which fueled the counter-revolution and also led to brutal state repression in the area.
Rebel Literacy is a look at Cuba's National Literacy Campaign of 1961 in historical and global contexts. The Cuban Revolution cannot be understood without a careful study of Cuba's prior struggles for national sovereignty. Similarly, an understanding of Cuba's National Literacy Campaign demands an inquiry into the historical currents of popular movements in Cuba to make education a right for all. The scope of this book, though, does not end with 1961 and is not limited to Cuba and its historical relations with Spain, the United States, and the former Soviet Union. Nearly 50 years after the Year of Education in Cuba, the Literacy Campaign's legacy is evident throughout Latin America and the 'Third World.' A world-wide movement today continues against neoliberalism and for a more humane and democratic global political economy. It is spreading literacy for critical global citizenship, and Cuba's National Literacy Campaign is a part of the foundation making this global movement possible. The author collected about 100 testimonies of participants in the Campaign, and many of their stories and perspectives are highlighted in one of the chapters. Theirs are the stories of perhaps the world's greatest educational accomplishment of the 20th Century, and critical educators of the 21st Century must not overlook the arduous and fruitful work that ordinary Cubans, many in their youth, contributed toward a nationalism and internationalism of emancipation.
This volume provides is a look at the social function of myth during two distinct phases of the Cuban revolutionary process. The first period spanned the years of armed struggle, from 1953 through 1958, a time during which the rebel leadership prevailed. Moving onto the years between 1959 and 1963, the achievements during the revolutionary war, and particularly the deeds of the Rebel Army, in which sacrifice and measure of heroism whose function was to sustain morale and consciousness.
This book is a rare and important study on the people and many of the groups and activist regions involved in the Cuban insurrection of the 1950s. It addresses the insurgent movement, how people were drawn into the struggle, the structure of the movement, including its different activist groups and how rebels operated effectively, and the role women played in this struggle. It sheds light on the localized and social aspects of the struggle, a topic that relatively little has been written on. The cultural, relational, emotional, and experiential factors that affected activists value formation and recruitment are also investigated."
Authorities in postrevolutionary Cuba worked to establish a binary society in which citizens were either patriots or traitors. This all-or-nothing approach reflected in the familiar slogan “patria o muerte” (fatherland or death) has recently been challenged in protests that have adopted the theme song “patria y vida” (fatherland and life), a collaboration by exiles that, predictably, has been banned in Cuba itself. Lillian Guerra excavates the rise of a Soviet-advised Communist culture controlled by state institutions and the creation of a multidimensional system of state security whose functions embedded themselves into daily activities and individual consciousness and reinforced these binaries. But despite public performance of patriotism, the life experience of many Cubans was somewhere in between. Guerra explores these in-between spaces and looks at Cuban citizens’ complicity with authoritarianism, leaders’ exploitation of an earnest anti-imperialist nationalism, and the duality of an existence that contains elements of both support and betrayal of a nation and of an ideology.
A fascinating encyclopedic survey of the Spanish-Cuban/American War, the Philippine War, and the small wars between 1899 and the end of the occupation of Haiti in 1934. The name changes themselves are instructive. The usage of "Spanish-American War" ignores the fact that the war in Cuba had been largely won by the Cuban revolutionaries before US intervention, hence the new title, Spanish-Cuban/American War. The use of "Philippine Insurrection" is replaced by Philippine War, since the Philippine forces had taken much of the islands from Spain before US ground forces arrived. And guerillas or revolutionaries have replaced "bandits," the term used by the US to discredit oppositional forces. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
This book not only relates the defining moments of the Cuban Revolution – such as the Moncada Barracks attack, the assault on Batista’s Presidential Palace, the Bay of Pigs invasion, and the Cuban Missile Crisis – but also lesser-known events like the “War Against the Bandits”; the overseas adventures of Che Guevara in the Congo and Bolivia; Fidel Castro’s possible prior knowledge of and involvement in JFK’s assassination; Cuba’s “silent war against the environment”; and ongoing foreign intelligence operations. The book contains information most readers and academicians may not be familiar with and utilizes major tomes as sources that have only been published in Spanish and so are not widely available to international audiences outside of Spain and Latin America. It will enlighten readers about the realities of the Cuban Revolution – its purported achievements as well as its definite shortcomings; its impact on world events in the last seven decades; and correct the record where needed – enhancing the fount of knowledge for further research by social scientists, historians, and political scientists.
In 1959, Fidel Castro became the new leader of Cuba after starting the Cuban Revolution and taking over by force. The US CIA, along with hundreds of Cuban antirevolutionists, opposed this new regime and, through covert operations, tried to stop him. David Fuentes Martinez joined the resistance in hopes to save his people from the hands of a communist. Davids story shares some of the dramatic events and frightening situations that he was involved in before learning that his life was in danger. Shortly after the Bay of Pigs Invasion, his team was compromised, and many were killed. In fear of being captured, he went into hiding. As Fidel Castros men narrowed in on him, he had to flee, leaving his country that he loved behind forever. Only a handful of rebels managed to escape. David Fuentes Martinez was one of them.