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Chemical reactions which can, on demand, be switched on and off are valuable for industrial applications. In order to make the best use ofthese reactions, it is essential to have them readily available for a research chemist. The chemical literature, in general, has not yet identified or grouped such reactions. However, their existence is relatively abundant. This book is meant as a survey ofthose reactions which have potential utility in industrially useful processes. These reactions are grouped under the title ofchemical release reactions which can be triggered by heat, light, electric current, etc., to release a specific compound from, or change in the physical or chemical properties of, a unimolecular reactant. The book is divided into chapters covering ways to trigger the release of certain chemicals. Each chapter is further divided into sections, each beginning with a brief introduction ofanalogies ofthe discussed reactions and of how they were used in reported industrial processes. This survey is not meant to be absolute or exhaustive but rather to be directive, to be as complete as possible, and to provide food for further thought.
This go-to text provides information and insight into physical inorganic chemistry essential to our understanding of chemical reactions on the molecular level. One of the only books in the field of inorganic physical chemistry with an emphasis on mechanisms, it features contributors at the forefront of research in their particular fields. This essential text discusses the latest developments in a number of topics currently among the most debated and researched in the world of chemistry, related to the future of solar energy, hydrogen energy, biorenewables, catalysis, environment, atmosphere, and human health.
Electrochemical reactions make significant contributions to organic synthesis either in the laboratory or on an industrial scale. These methods have the potential for developing more "green" chemical synthesis. Over recent years, modern investigations have clarified the mechanisms of important organic electrochemical reactions. Progress has also been made in controlling the reactivity of intermediates through either radical or ionic pathways. Now is the time to gather all the electrochemical work into a textbook.As an essential addition to the armory of synthetic organic chemists, electrochemical reactions give results not easily achieved by many other chemical routes. This book presents a logical development of reactions and mechanisms in organic electrochemistry at a level suited to research scientists and final year graduate students. It forms an excellent starting point from which synthetic organic chemists, in both academia and industry, can appreciate uses for electrochemical methods in their own work. The book is also a reference guide to the literature.
This supplemental text for a freshman chemistry course explains the formation of ionic bonds in solids and the formation of covalent bonds in atoms and molecules, then identifies the factors that control the rates of reactions and describes more complicated types of bonding. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Writing Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry, Third Edition, is a guide to understanding the movements of atoms and electrons in the reactions of organic molecules. Expanding on the successful book by Miller and Solomon, this new edition further enhances your understanding of reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry and shows that writing mechanisms is a practical method of applying knowledge of previously encountered reactions and reaction conditions to new reactions. The book has been extensively revised with new material including a completely new chapter on oxidation and reduction reactions including stereochemical reactions. It is also now illustrated with hundreds of colorful chemical structures to help you understand reaction processes more easily. The book also features new and extended problem sets and answers to help you understand the general principles and how to apply these to real applications. In addition, there are new information boxes throughout the text to provide useful background to reactions and the people behind the discovery of a reaction. This new edition will be of interest to students and research chemists who want to learn how to organize what may seem an overwhelming quantity of information into a set of simple general principles and guidelines for determining and describing organic reaction mechanisms. - Extensively rewritten and reorganized with a completely new chapter on oxidation and reduction reactions including stereochemical reactions - Essential for those who need to have mechanisms explained in greater detail than most organic chemistry textbooks provide - Now illustrated with hundreds of colorful chemical structures to help you understand reaction processes more easily - New and extended problem sets and answers to help you understand the general principles and how to apply this to real applications - New information boxes throughout the text to provide useful background to reactions and the people behind the discovery of a reaction
A range of alternative mechanisms can usually be postulated for most organic chemical reactions, and identification of the most likely requires detailed investigation. Investigation of Organic Reactions and their Mechanisms will serve as a guide for the trained chemist who needs to characterise an organic chemical reaction and investigate its mechanism, but who is not an expert in physical organic chemistry. Such an investigation will lead to an understanding of which bonds are broken, which are made, and the order in which these processes happen. This information and knowledge of the associated kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are central to the development of safe, efficient, and profitable industrial chemical processes, and to extending the synthetic utility of new chemical reactions in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing, and academic environments. Written as a coherent account of the principal methods currently used in mechanistic investigations, at a level accessible to academic researchers and graduate chemists in industry, the book is highly practical in approach. The contributing authors, an international group of expert practitioners of the techniques covered, illustrate their contributions by examples from their own research and from the relevant wider chemical literature. The book covers basic aspects such as product analysis, kinetics, catalysis, and investigation of reactive intermediates. It also includes material on significant recent developments, e.g. computational chemistry, calorimetry, and electrochemistry, in addition to topics of high current industrial relevance, e.g. reactions in multiphase systems, and synthetically useful reactions involving free radicals and catalysis by organometallic compounds.
Green Chemistry has evolved in response to several environmental issues in the second half of the last century, mostly due to the almost freely expanding chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. During the past two decades Green Chemistry grew rapidly and we can now consider this area as a mature and powerful field. Tremendous development has taken place in many important areas including renewable energy and resources, reaction environments, catalysis, synthesis, chemical biology, green materials, in situ monitoring and facile recycling. The combination of Green Chemistry with engineering, biology, toxicology, and physics will lead to novel interdisciplinary systems, which can now lift Green Chemistry to the next, advanced level.The editors of this book have assembled as authors among the best specialists of this growing area of research. This collection of reviews and perspectives provides an exciting vision of the more recent developments in Green Chemistry. It illustrates the breath of the field and its role to address environmental issues. This volume will serve as a book of reference showing a panoramic view of the field and a preview of its future direction as well as a book of inspiration for those aiming to further advance its frontiers.
Reaction Rate Theory and Rare Events bridges the historical gap between these subjects because the increasingly multidisciplinary nature of scientific research often requires an understanding of both reaction rate theory and the theory of other rare events. The book discusses collision theory, transition state theory, RRKM theory, catalysis, diffusion limited kinetics, mean first passage times, Kramers theory, Grote-Hynes theory, transition path theory, non-adiabatic reactions, electron transfer, and topics from reaction network analysis. It is an essential reference for students, professors and scientists who use reaction rate theory or the theory of rare events. In addition, the book discusses transition state search algorithms, tunneling corrections, transmission coefficients, microkinetic models, kinetic Monte Carlo, transition path sampling, and importance sampling methods. The unified treatment in this book explains why chemical reactions and other rare events, while having many common theoretical foundations, often require very different computational modeling strategies. - Offers an integrated approach to all simulation theories and reaction network analysis, a unique approach not found elsewhere - Gives algorithms in pseudocode for using molecular simulation and computational chemistry methods in studies of rare events - Uses graphics and explicit examples to explain concepts - Includes problem sets developed and tested in a course range from pen-and-paper theoretical problems, to computational exercises
Industrial Catalytic Processes for Fine and Specialty Chemicals provides a comprehensive methodology and state-of-the art toolbox for industrial catalysis. The book begins by introducing the reader to the interesting, challenging, and important field of catalysis and catalytic processes. The fundamentals of catalysis and catalytic processes are fully covered before delving into the important industrial applications of catalysis and catalytic processes, with an emphasis on green and sustainable technologies. Several case studies illustrate new and sustainable ways of designing catalysts and catalytic processes. The intended audience of the book includes researchers in academia and industry, as well as chemical engineers, process development chemists, and technologists working in chemical industries and industrial research laboratories. - Discusses the fundamentals of catalytic processes, catalyst preparation and characterization, and reaction engineering - Outlines the homogeneous catalytic processes as they apply to specialty chemicals - Introduces industrial catalysis and catalytic processes for fine chemicals - Includes a number of case studies to demonstrate the various processes and methods for designing green catalysts