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"Physics at KAON", an international meeting jointly organized by the KFA Jillich and TRI UMF, was held in the Physikzentrum Bad Honnef from June 7 through June 9, 1989. This was one of a series of meetings - the first one in Europe - in which plans for the medium energy physics laboratory KAON were presented and some aspects of the physics at this new facility were discussed. The meeting focussed mainly on the topics of hadron spectroscopy, J{ -meson scattering, strangeness in nuclei, and rare decays. Also presented were some of the research programs at SATURNE and COSY which may well lead to KAON physics in the future. These proceed ings include articles which summarize our current experimental and theoretical knowledge in the various areas, as well as papers which describe lines of research feasible with KAON. The large number of participants - limited, in fact, by the capacity of the Physikzentrum - clearly demonstrates the great interest of the European physics community in the research avenues which will be opened by the high-intensity hadron facilities. March 1990 D. Frekers, D.R. Gill, J. Speth Contents Opening remarks By E. Vogt ...................................................... Sl The TRIUMF kaon factory accelerators By M.K. Craddock ................................................ S3 Experimental facilities By P. Kitching ................................................... S9 Polarized internal targets at KAON By C.A. Miller ................................................... S21 Hyperons in the bound state approach to the Skyrme model.
For scientific, technological and organizational reasons, the end of World War II (in 1945) saw a rapid acceleration in the tempo of discovery and understanding in nuclear physics, cosmic rays and quantum field theory, which together triggered the birth of modern particle physics. The first fifteen years (1945-60) following the war's end ? the ?Startup Period? in modern particle physics -witnessed a series of major experimental and theoretical developments that began to define the conceptual contours (non-Abelian internal symmetries, Yang-Mills fields, renormalization group, chirality invariance, baryon-lepton symmetry in weak interactions, spontaneous symmetry breaking) of the quantum field theory of three of the basic interactions in nature (electromagnetic, strong and weak). But it took another fifteen years (1960-75) ? the ?Heroic Period? in modern particle physics ? to unravel the physical content and complete the mathematical formulation of the standard gauge theory of the strong and electroweak interactions among the three generations of quarks and leptons. The impressive accomplishments during the ?Heroic Period? were followed by what is called the ?period of consolidation and speculation (1975-1990)?, which includes the experimental consolidation of the standard model (SM) through precision tests, theoretical consolidation of SM through the search for more rigorous mathematical solutions to the Yang-Mills-Higgs equations, and speculative theoretical excursions ?beyond SM?.Within this historical-conceptual framework, the author ? himself a practicing particle theorist for the past fifty years ? attempts to trace the highlights in the conceptual evolution of modern particle physics from its early beginnings until the present time. Apart from the first chapter ? which sketches a broad overview of the entire field ? the remaining nine chapters of the book offer detailed discussions of the major concepts and principles that prevailed and were given wide currency during each of the fifteen-year periods that comprise the history of modern particle physics. Those concepts and principles that contributed only peripherally to the standard model are given less coverage but an attempt is made to inform the reader about such contributions (which may turn out to be significant at a future time) and to suggest references that supply more information. Chapters 2 and 3 of the book cover a range of topics that received dedicated attention during the ?Startup Period? although some of the results were not incorporated into the structure of the standard model. Chapters 4-6 constitute the core of the book and try to recapture much of the conceptual excitement of the ?Heroic Period?, when quantum flavordynamics (QFD) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) received their definitive formulation. [It should be emphasized that, throughout the book, logical coherence takes precedence over historical chronology (e.g. some of the precision tests of QFD are discussed in Chapter 6)]. Chapter 7 provides a fairly complete discussion of the chiral gauge anomalies in four dimensions with special application to the standard model (although the larger unification models are also considered). The remaining three chapters of the book (Chapters 7-10) cover concepts and principles that originated primarily during the ?Period of Consolidation and Speculation? but, again, this is not a literal statement. Chapters 8 and 9 report on two of the main directions that were pursued to overcome acknowledged deficiencies of the standard model: unification models in Chapter 8 and attempts to account for the existence of precisely three generations of quarks and leptons, primarily by means of preon models, in Chapter 9. The most innovative of the final three chapters of the book is Chapter 10 on topological conservation laws. This last chapter tries to explain the significance of topologically non-trivial solutions in four-dimensional (space-time) particle physics (e.g. 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles, instantons, sphalerons, global SU(2) anomaly, Wess-Zumino term, etc.) and to reflect on some of the problems that have ensued (e.g. the ?strong CP problem? in QCD) from this effort. It turns out that the more felicitous topological applications of field theory are found ? as of now ? in condensed matter physics; these successful physical applications (to polyacetylene, quantized magnetic flux in type-II low temperature superconductivity, etc.) are discussed in Chapter 10, as a good illustration of the conceptual unity of modern physics.
This book is devoted to the broad subject of flavor physics, embracing the question of what distinguishes one type of elementary particles from another. The articles range from the forefront of formal theory (treating the physics of extra dimensions) to details of particle detectors. Although special emphasis is placed on the physics of kaons, charmed and beauty particles, top quarks, and neutrinos, the articles also dealing with electroweak physics, quantum chromodynamics, supersymmetry, and dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. Violations of fundamental symmetries such as time reversal invariance are discussed in the context of neutral kaons, beauty particles, electric dipole moments, and parity violation in atoms. The physics of the CabibboOCoKobayashiOCoMaskawa matrix and of quark masses are described in some detail, both from the standpoint of present and future experimental knowledge and from a more fundamental viewpoint, where physicists are still searching for the correct theory. Contents: The Electroweak Theory (C Quigg); CP Violation (L Wolfenstein); Precision Electroweak Physics (Y-K Kim); Kaon and Charm Physics: Theory (G Buchalla); Kaon Physics: Experiments (T Barker); The Status of Mixing in the Charm Sector (J P Cumalat); Basics of QCD Perturbation Theory (D E Soper); Lattice QCD and the CKM Matrix (T DeGrand); The Strong CP Problem (M Dine); A Bibliography of Atomic Parity Violation and Electric Dipole Moment Experiments (C E Wieman); The CKM Matrix and the Heavy Quark Expansion (A F Falk); CP Violation in B Decays (J L Rosner); Lectures on the Theory of Nonleptonic B Decays (M Neubert); Asymmetrical e Collisions (A Roodman); Pathological Science (S Stone); Top Physics (E H Simmons); Neutrino Mass, Mixing, and Oscillation (B Kayser); Flavor in Supersymmetry (H Murayama); Technicolor and Compositeness (R S Chivukula); Models of Fermion Masses (G G Ross); Physics of Extra Dimensions (J D Lykken). Readership: Graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and senior researchers in high energy physics."
The XIX Physics in Collision conference reviewed experimental results in electroweak, quantum chromodynamics, neutrino, bottom and rare kaon physics, and updated recent developments in the area of gamma ray bursts as well as the issue of the cosmological constant and dark matter.The conference opened with reports on electroweak physics. A decade of precision experiments in laboratories around the world failed to uncover any significant deviations from standard model predictions. Precise W boson and top quark mass measurements suggest a low mass Higgs boson in the standard model, possibly within the reach of the LEP II and the upgraded Tevatron colliders. These presentations were followed by a summary of the latest results on searches for Higgs and supersymmetry.There were three reports on neutrino physics: atmospheric, solar and reactor/accelerator based neutrino experiments and results. Impressive Super-K results strongly suggest ????? oscillation, a scenario confirmed by less precise Soudan2 and MACRO data.The latest results on strange and heavy quark physics were summarized. High statistics from CLEO, LEP I and Tevatron have enabled experimenters to study many rare charm and bottom quark decays for the first time. Among many other interesting results presented, the first measurements of sin 2? by CDF and î?/î by KTeV provide a preview of expected developments in the near future.
Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics. The editors have built Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
This book is devoted to the broad subject of flavor physics, embracing the question of what distinguishes one type of elementary particles from another. The articles range from the forefront of formal theory (treating the physics of extra dimensions) to details of particle detectors. Although special emphasis is placed on the physics of kaons, charmed and beauty particles, top quarks, and neutrinos, the articles also dealing with electroweak physics, quantum chromodynamics, supersymmetry, and dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. Violations of fundamental symmetries such as time reversal invariance are discussed in the context of neutral kaons, beauty particles, electric dipole moments, and parity violation in atoms. The physics of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix and of quark masses are described in some detail, both from the standpoint of present and future experimental knowledge and from a more fundamental viewpoint, where physicists are still searching for the correct theory.
This was the most recent in a highly esteemed series of biannual Rochester conferences. 20 invited reviews and about 200 invited contributions on all aspects of current research in high energy and particle physics give a complete and lively account of achievements, activities and goals in the field. Topics discussed include results from proton-antiproton and electron-positron colliders, spectroscopy and decays of heavy flavors, weak mixing and CP violation, non-accelerator particle physics, heavy ion collisions, future accelerators, detector developments, the standard electroweak model and beyond, the status of perturbative QCD, superstrings and unification, new developments in field theory, non-perturbative methods, and cosmology and astrophysics.