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The Questiones libri Porphirii is a commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge by the fourteenth-century logician Thomas Manlevelt. It is edited here in full. Not much is known of Thomas Manlevelt, but his work is remarkable enough. Following in the footsteps of William of Ockham, Manlevelt stresses the individual nature of all things existing in the outside world. He radically challenges our conceptional framework. He applies Ockham's razor in a ruthless manner to do away with all entities not deemed necessary for preservation. In the end, Manlevelt even maintains that substance does not exist. In this text early Ockhamism is being pushed to its extremes.
The Questiones libri Porphirii is a commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge by the fourteenth-century logician Thomas Manlevelt. In this text early Ockhamism is being pushed to its extremes. It is edited here in full.
The papers in this volume - written by well-known experts in the field - examine the rules for valid argument discovered and formulated in the works of medieval scholasticism and show their significance to modern discussions in logic and the philosophy of language. The editor's introductions make the papers interesting and comprehensible even to non-specialists.
Dialectic as the doctrine/art of disputing for and against a given thesis held a central position at the medieval schools and universities. The intensive examination of medieval manuscript sources in recent years has revealed the fertility and subtlety of scholastic thinking and its relevance to the modern study of logic and the philosophy of language. The contributions to this volume focus on a series of questions which were central to scholastic logic, the questions concerning the validity of argumentation and proof. The 35 papers - written partly in English and partly in German - range from examinations of basic questions of syntax and semantics and of the theory of inference through presentations of the rules which define logical consistency, to treatments on the use of logic in the natural sciences, in practical discourse and in theology. Some of the texts being thoroughly analysed and interpreted are edited in this volume for the first time. The authors include most of the established experts in the field and their papers provide a survey of the current state of research in both its historical and systematic aspects. The parallel English and German introductions by the editor link the individual papers to give an introduction to the scholastic theory of argumentation, which should also be comprehensible to non-specialists.
The present collection deals with philosophical thinking at the medieval university from the threefold perspective of Institution and Career, Organizational Forms and Literary Genres, and School Formation and School Conflict.
Oresme's commentary is one of the most relevant documents of the discussions at Paris University in the midst of the 14th Century. Original solutions concerning the main philosophical issues are associated with sharp criticism of the realist and nominalist positions.
Three basic forces dominated sixteenth-century religious life. Two polarized groups, Protestant and Catholic reformers, were shaped by theological debates, over the nature of the church, salvation, prayer, and other issues. These debates articulated critical, group-defining oppositions. Bystanders to the Catholic-Protestant competition were a third force. Their reactions to reformers were violent, opportunistic, hesitant, ambiguous, or serendipitous, much the way social historians have described common people in the Reformation for the last fifty years. But in an ecology of three forces, hesitations and compromises were natural, not just among ordinary people, but also, if more subtly, among reformers and theologians. In this volume, Christopher Ocker offers a constructive and nuanced alternative to the received understanding of the Reformation. Combining the methods of intellectual, cultural, and social history, his book demonstrates how the Reformation became a hybrid movement produced by a binary of Catholic and Protestant self-definitions, by bystanders to religious debate, and by the hesitations and compromises made by all three groups during the religious controversy.
The extraordinarily diverse oeuvre of Juan Luis Vives, marked by great erudition and originality, still remains very little known in the English-speaking world. This collection of essays considers his life and the influence of his writings, and examines some of his chief works. These include his books on the education of women and on the relief of the poor, his numerous political writings, and his huge encyclopedic treatise, De disciplinis, a comprehensive critical and systematic review of universal learning and the state of the academic disciplines at the beginning of the sixteenth century. Subsequent chapters discuss Vives's ideas on the soul, especially his analysis of the emotions, his contribution to rhetoric and dialectic and a posthumous defense of the Christian religion in dialogue form. Contributors are Enrique Gonzalez Gonzalez, Catherine Curtis, Peter Mack, Valerio Del Nero, Edward V. George.